Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
SamanthaPerez CentralNervousSystem (Cerebrum (Lobes: Frontal lobe-…
SamanthaPerez CentralNervousSystem
Cerebrum
Lobes:
Frontal lobe- planning, thinking, decision making, memory, plan initiate and produce voluntary movement.
Parietal lobes- processes sensory stimuli. consciously aware of general somatic sensation, aware of objects sounds and body parts.
Temporal Lobe- primary auditory cortex and olfactory, recognize objects, words faces, language comprehension emotion, and memory.
Occipital Lobe- Visual Cortex
Insula Lobe- Primary cortex for gustation, general visceral sensation discomfort/pain.
Pre-central Gyri
location of primary motor cortex (frontal lobe)
contains pyramidal neurons.
Post-central Gyri
Location of primary somato sensory
receives information from skin muscle and joints.
Broca Area
frontal-left hemesphere controls motor movements of speech
Wernicke Area
speech comprehension, temporal/parietal left hemisphere, allows to name viewed objects and read words.
Three White Mater Tracts:
Association Tract- connects parts of cortex of the same hemisphere
Commisural Tracts- information from one hemisphere to another, (corpus callosum, largest)
Projection Tracts- Both ascending fibers (sensory/afferent) and descending fibers(motor/efferent)
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus:
composed of several nuclei
Functions:
visceral control center
control of autonomic NS with help of gray mater in brain stem
regulates body temperature
regulation of hunger ans thirst
regulation of sleep wake cycle with help of pineal gland
control of endocrine system through control of pituitary gland.
involved with emotion
control of motavational behavior (food/sex)
involved with formation of memory
Thalamus:
paired structure composed of nuclei
All conscious sensory signals go to thalamus and onto cortex
except olfaction
Epithalamus:
a nucleus
pineal gland will secrete melatonin
Brain Stem
Mid brain:
Cerebral Peduncles- composed of pyramidal motor tracts (connected to cerebral cortex down to spinal cord).
Corpor Quadrigemina- four bumps,
superior colliculi is involved with visual reflex, inferior colliculi is involved with auditory reflex.
Pons:
Pyramidal tracts run through pons
Middle cerebellar peduncles- allows from cerebrum through pons to cerebellum
Reticular Formation Nuclei- involved with autonomic behaviors
Medulla Oblangata:
Reticular formation Nuclei- involved with cardio vascular center, vasomotor center (blood Pressure), and respiratory center.
Pyramids of M.O.- Decussation of pyramids, crossing can occur.
Cerebellum
Function:
Equilibrium, posture, smooth and coordinates body movment with help
Cerebullar Peduncles:
Superior Peduncle- Connects Midd brain to cerebellum allowing information from cerebral cortex to get to cerebellum
Middle Peduncles- connects pons to cerebellum allowing information from cerebral cortex to get to the cerebellum
Inferior pedunces- medulla oblangata connects afferent signals originated from spinal cord to cerebellum (proprioceptors and equilibrium).
Spinal Cord
Conus Medularis- tapered end which ends at Vertbrae L1 or L2
Cauda Equina- a buddle of nerve roots that branch off at the end of the spina cord look like horse tail.
filum terninales- connective tissue that stablizes spinal cord
Anterior Root- axons of visceral and somatic motor neurons
Posterior Root- axons of visceral and somatic sensory neurons, contains dorsal root ganglion
CNS Protection
Three Meninges:
Dura Mater- tough dense fibrous C.T. 2 layers
a. Periosteal layer- nearest bone
b. Meningeal layer- deeper layer.
Arachnoid mater- beneath is blood vessels and sub arachnoid space filled with cerebral spinal fluid (CSF)
Pia Mater- thin very vascular layer (capillaries) right on the cortex
Epidural space- in the spinal cord only, filled with fat, upon dura mater
Subarachnoid space- deeper to subdural filled with CSF and blood vessels in spinal cord and brain
Dural sinuses- in the brain only, blood filled space with oxygen poor blood.