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FarazKlinglerCentralNervousSystem (CNS Protection (Arachnoid Mater (Lies…
FarazKlinglerCentralNervousSystem
Spinal Cord
Filum terninale
holds the spinal cord in place and connects to the "cone" and made of long filaments of connective tissue.
Anterior root
carries visceral motor sensors which come from the inside and travel outwards
Cauda equine
consists of all the nerve roots at the end of the vertebral canal also called the horse tail
Posterior root
which carries somatic sensory information from the outside and travel inside ie. skin, muscle and proprioceptors.
Conus medullaris
the inferior end of the spinal cord and also called the "cone".
Cerebellum
Function
Smooth and coordinate body movements, helps with cerebral cortex and other parts of the brain. Helps with posture and equilibrium.
Three Cerebellar peduncles
1.Superior is made of white matter and has an efferent pathway, connects the midbrain to the cerebellum. 2. Middle is a large structure of fibers that connect the cerebellum to the pons and is an efferent pathway 3. Inferior is made of fiber tracts and connect the medulla oblongata to the cerebellum dorsally and is an afferent pathway
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus
main visceral control center, controls the autonomic nerves system. Controls the endocrine system. Regulates body temp., hunger, thirst, motivational behavior, sleep-wake cycle and formation of memory.
Epithalamus
forms part of the third ventricle and has a knob called the pineal gland which secretes melatonin and prepares us for sleep
Thalamus
sensory information relay station (except olfaction) to the cortex.
CNS Protection
Arachnoid Mater
Lies deep to the dura mater and connects to the next layer, the pia mater. Surrounds the spinal cord loosely
Pia Mater
the innermost delicate part also called the "gentle mother" made of fibrous connective tissue, very vascular and so this almost invisible and like shrink wrap material.
Dura Mater
the most outer layer and toughest also called the "tough mother" -consists of dense fibrous connective tissue
Subarachnoid
space between arachnoid mater and pia mater and is filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Epidural Space
area between the spinal canal and cord which is filled with fat and blood cells.
Dural Sinuses
parts of the dura mater taken to make up sinuses or blood pockets
Brain Stem
Pons
connects the cerebellum to the cerebral cortex. Involved with autonomic behaviors. Reticular formation nuclei.
Midbrain
receives sensory impulse. Coordination of body movements and mood regulator.
Medulla Oblongata
is involved with autonomic behaviors- reticular formation nuclei. Also the cardiac, vasomotor and respitory center.
Cerebrum
Broca
located in the left hemisphere, controls motor movements of speech and language.
Wernicke
located in the left hemisphere , enables us to understand speech and read words.
Gyri
Postcentral located posterior to the central sulcus. Primary somatic sensory cortex.
Precentral located anteriorly to the central sulcus. Primary location of motor cortex.
Three white matter tracts
1.Association tract relatively short and plays as a connector to parts in the same hemisphere. 2. Commissural tract runs horizontally in the corpus callosum. 3.Projection tracts very long and run vertically, motor information descending.
Lobes
Occipita located at the posterior region. Location of visual cortex.
Temporal located on left and right side inferior to the parietal lobe. Hearing, olfactory, memory area.
Parieta which is located on both sides, left and right. Sensory part of the brain.
Insula which is buried under the frontal, parietal and temporal lobes. General visceral sensations
Frontal at the anterior portion of the cerebrum. Thinking and planning area.