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foundations of relationships (social exchange theory (weighing costs and…
foundations of relationships
types of relationships
personal relationships
meet emotional, relational and instrumental needs
are intimate, close, interdependent relationships
voluntary to involuntary
voluntary
e.g. with romantic partners, best friends
involuntary
e.g. with close family, siblings
social relationships
relationships that occasionally meet our needs and lack the closeness and interdependence of personal relationships
examples include distant family and coworkers
voluntary to involuntary
voluntary
e.g. workout buddy
involuntary
e.g. neighbors, distant relatives
stages of relational interaction
coming together
initiating
My name's Audrey. It's nice to meet you.
people size each other up and try to present themselves favorably.
affected by setting and time
experimenting
I like to watch movies during free time. What about you?
people move from strangers to acquaintances
basic exchange of information
small talks
intensifying
I feel like we've gotten closer for the past month
indicating that we would like or are open to more intimacy
the process can happen for a long time
e.g. creation of nicknames, inside jokes
integrating
we just opened a joint bank account
two people's identities and personalities merge and sense of interdependence develops
e.g. both people writing a birthday card together or when people always refer to them as Brooklyn and Bailey.
bonding
we're getting married!
includes public ritual that announces formal committment
coming apart
differentiating
i'd really like to hang out with "my friends" sometimes.
reverse of integrating
we go back to using 'I' or 'My'
circumscribing
don't worry about the problems I have at work. I'll deal with it.
draw a line around something and put a boundary around it
communication decreases and certain areas or subjects become restricted as individuals verbally close themselves around each other.
e.g. "I don't want to talk about that anymore."
stagnating
(to self) i don't even know why i asked him to go to dinner
individuals wait for the relationship to end.
avoiding
i have many things to do today so I won't be home until late.
is a way to avoid the awkwardness of stagnation
terminating
its best for us to have some time apart. I think you'll do fine.
can happen due to outside circumstances such as geographical factors and internal factors such as personalities
can begin with the summary of relationship and end with the reasons for termination. it can also include message about what happens after relationship ends and possibility for future communication.
social exchange theory
weighing costs and rewards in a given relationship
rewards are outcomes we obtain from relationships that benefit us in some way.
costs include granting favors and providing emotional support
commitment and interdependence
interdependence refers to relationship between a person's well-being and involvement in a relationship
the costs and rewards we get from a relationship affects our satisfaction and commitment to the relationship.
relational dialects
autonomy-connection
need to have close relation with others as well as our need to have our own space and identity.
novelty-predictability
we desire predictability as well as spontaneity in our relationships
openness-closedness
desire to be open and honest wile at the same time not wanting to reveal everything about yourself to someone else.