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Skeleton System. Jessie Lopez. Period 2 (Microscopic Anatomy of Compact…
Skeleton System. Jessie Lopez. Period 2
Anatomy of Long Bone
Articular cartilage
Periosteum
Epiphysis
Medullary Cavity
Diaphysis
Endosteum
Compact bone
Spongy bone
Yellow marrow
Red marrow
Epiphyseal plate
Types of Bones
Short, carpals and tarsals
Irregular, vertebrae and sacrum
Long Bones, humerus and femur
Sesamoid, patella
Flat Bones, Sternum and ribs
Bone Remodeling
Removal of minerals and collagen fibers by osteoclasts.
Addition of minerals and collagen fibers by osteoblasts.
Replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
Provides bone with continued strength
Bone is active tissue and is always undergoing
(remodeling)
Regenerates Ca and P levels in blood.
New bone is more resistant to fracture.
Microscopic Anatomy of Compact Bone Tissue
central canal
compact bone
osteoclasts
osteocytes
osteoblasts
osteogenic cells
perforating canal
concentric lamellae
lacunae
canaliculi
interstitial lamellae
spongy bone
trabeculae
Bone Fracture Repair
Step 2 Fibrocartilaginous callus formation
Step 3 Bony Callus Formation
Step 1 Fracture Hematoma
Step 4 Bone Remodeling of Callus
Types of Joints
Pivotal:neck
Gliding:Wrists, Ankles
Hinge:Elbow, Knee
Immovable:Cranium
Ball and Socket: hip, shoulder
Differences between male and female pelvis
Male
LLia flare higher and straighter
Pelvis narrow and heavy
Pelvic arch less than 90
Female
Llia wider and more flared
Pelvis is thin and light
Pubic arch is broader
Synovial Joint Movements
adduction
circumduction
abduction
rotation
hyperextension
elevation
exension
depression
flexion
protraction
gliding
retraction
supination
Disorders
greenstick fracture
spiral fracture
open reduction
closed reduction
bursitis
fracture
rickets
scoliosis
Names of all Bones
Coccyx(tailbone)
Clavicle(collar bone)
Femur(thigh bone)
Cranium(skull)
Fibula(Lower bones)
Carpals(wrist bones)
Humerus(arm bone)
Calcaneus(heel)
Mandible(lower jawbone)
Maxilla(upper jawbone)
Malleolus(ankle)
Metacarpals(hand bones)
Ischium(inferior pelvic bone)
Metatarsals(midfoot bones)
Ilium(pelvic bone)
Phalanges(finger)
Pubis(pelvic bone)
Patella(knee cap)
Radius(foreman)
Olecranon(elbow)
Scapula(shoulder bone)
Tarsals(hindfoot)
Tibia(lower leg)
Vertebra(backbone)
Sternum(breastbone)
Ulna(forearm)