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Sheep (Production (Program (Zone dependent lambing) (Lambing (Aug-Sep)…

- - - - Greasy fleece weight (GFW): Clean wool fibre + wax, suint, vegetable matter, dirt
      - Clean fleece weight (CFW): Clean wool fibre
      - Quality indicators
        
        Fibre diameter
        
        Staple strength
        
        Style (Unmeasurable attributes)
        
        Handle (Feel)
        
        Crimp (Ridges in staple)
        
        Colour
        
        Wool breaks
        
        Discolouration (Fleece rot, low suint content, moisture/temp)
        
        Contamination (VM, medullation, pigmentation)
      - Types
        
        Fine
        
        <20 micron
        
        GFW = 3-5kg
        
        High rainfall zone
        
        Medium
        
        20-23 micron
        
        GFW = 4-6kg
        
        Wheat-sheep zone
        
        Strong
        
        23+ micron
        
        GFW = 5-7kg
        
        Pastoral (rangeland) zones
    - - Quality indicators
        
        Yield (High muscle:fat/bone ratio)
        
        Fat
        
        Tenderness
      - Breeding
        
        Merino ewe X Long wool breed ram --> First cross lambs
        
        First cross ewe X Short wool breed ram (Terminal sire) --> Second cross (prime) lambs
      - Tablelands and slopes (Rainfall important for food)
    - - 6L/day
  - - - Zone dependent
        
        High-rainfall --> Aug-Sep
        
        Wheat-sheep --> Jul-Aug
        
        Pastoral --> Jun
      - Survival
        
        Standing and seeking teat --> 30 mins
        
        Suckling --> 2 hours
        
        Bonded --> 12-18 hours
    - - Lamb Marking Percentage: Lambs marked as a % of ewes joined
        
        Lowered by:
        
        Failure to conceive
        
        Mismothering complex
        
        Predation
        
        Low birth rate
  - - - Forage energy declines as temperate pastures mature
  - - - Wethers used to maximise fineness without compromising staple strength
- - - - Eartagging (NLIS)
      - Ear notching (Sexing (F=R))
      - Castration
        
        Methods
        
        Knife (24-48 pain hours)
        
        Rubber ring (3 pain hours)
        
        Reasons
        
        Prevents indiscriminate breeding
        
        Reduces male aggression
        
        Furthers safety and management
      - Tail docking (Painful)
        
        Prevents build-up of excrement on tail dags
      - Mulesing: Removal of folds of skin from breech (Painful)
        
        Reduces wetting and breech strike by 90%
        
        Tri-Solfen registered topical anaesthetic but not legislated
      - Vaccinations
  - - - Worms
        
        Barber's pole worm (Haemonchus contortus)
        
        Brown stomach worm (Teladorsagia spp) --> Scours
        
        Black scour worm (Trichostrongylus spp)
      - Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica)
      - Management
        
        Drenching (Worm egg count (WEC))
        
        Grazing management
        
        Spelled paddocks
        
        Rotational grazing
    - - Flystrike (Cutaneous myiasis)
        
        High morbidity
        
        3 million mortalities/year
        
        Decreased by selective breeding
      - Sheep lice (Bovicola ovis)
        
        Feed on dead skin, secretions and bacteria
        
        Irritate sheep
        
        Damage wool via scratching
      - Management
        
        Mulesing
        
        Dipping
        
        Backlines
        
        Jetting
    - - Footrot
      - Ovine Johne's Disease: Lesions on small intestine decrease nutrient absorption
      - Clostridial diseases
        
        Black's disease (C. novyi)
        
        Blackleg (C. chauvoei)
        
        Enterotoxaemia (C. perfringens)
        
        Tetanus (C. tetani)
        
        Malignant oedema (C. septicum)
      - Cheesy gland (Caseous lympadenitus)
      - Scabby mouth (Poxvirus)
    - - 5 in 1
      - Scabigard
  - - - Flushing ewes
      - BCS
      - Ram preparation
        
        Structural soundness
        
        Reproductive soundness
- - - - Weaning weight
      - Milk production
      - Fleece value
- - - - Merino
      - Border Leicester
      - Romney
      - Tukidale
    - - Suffolk
      - Poll Dorset
    - - Corriedale
      - Polwarth
      - Merino X Border Leicester ewe
  - - - Picker-up (rouseabout)
      - Wool roller (skirter)
      - Shed hand wool-presser
      - Classer/expert