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IDEA Disability [categories] (Low Incidence Rare, make up 20% of all…

- - - - link to bloggle.coggle.it
    - - Computer software that develops speech and language skills. Example: First Words for developing or reacquiring language functions. Graphic presentations combined with synthesized speech teaches high-frequency nouns
      - Augmentative or Alternative Communication (AAC) is the use of symbols, aids, strategies, and techniques to enhance communication process. Includes sign language and various communication boards (manual and electronic) used by individuals with impaired oral motor skills
- - - - Classroom Accommodations and Modifications
        
        Setting and Environment
        
        Sources:
        Categories of Disability Under IDEA. (2017, March 14). Retrieved October 31, 2018, from https://www.parentcenterhub.org/categories/
        Technology Resources for People with Vision Loss. (n.d.). Retrieved November 1, 2018, from http://www.afb.org/info/living-with-vision-loss/using-technology/12
        Willings, C. (2016, March 13). Accommodations & Modifications. Retrieved October 31, 2018, from https://www.teachingvisuallyimpaired.com/accommodations--modifications.html
        
        Avoid glare in general from overhead lights. Consider placing light filters on fluorescent lights.
        Open and close doors fully (a half open door can be very dangerous)
        Eliminate any unnecessary background noise (isolation headphone may work here)
        Eliminate clutter from the room, especially in aisle and movement paths
        Place material in constant places so students always know where a particular item is located
        Preferential locker placement with keys instead of combinations
        
        preferential seating in the classroom for all films, assemblies and demonstration lessons
        Seated facing away from windows
        permission to move about the room as needed to see information presented away from his/her desk
      - Every child that has been diagnosed as V.I. or blind gets a T.V.I. (a teacher who specializes in working with visual impairments
      - Assistive/Adaptive Technology
        
        Optical Devices: magnifiers, microscopes, tele microscopes , large print books, audio tapes, braille material
      - Technology resources: screen reading software, magnification software, dictation software
      - Definition
  - - - Medical definition
        Hearing Loss
        Hear-it (Retrieved 2018)
        
        Profound hearing loss
        The most quiet sounds heard by people with their better ear are from 95 dB or more. People who suffer from profound hearing loss are very hard of hearing and rely mostly on lip-reading, and/or sign language.
        
        A person who defines themself as hearing impaired can often hear some sounds but may not be able to understand speech, or not hear sounds but have no connection to a deaf community.
        
        National Hearing Test (2018)
        
        Severe hearing loss
        The most quiet sounds heard by people with their better ear are between 70 and 95 dB. People who suffer from severe hearing loss will benefit from powerful hearing aids, but often they rely heavily on lip-reading even when they are using hearing aids. Some also use sign language.
        
        Mild hearing loss
        The most quiet sounds that people can hear with their better ear are between 25 and 40 dB. People who suffer from mild hearing loss have some difficulties keeping up with conversations, especially in noisy surroundings.
        
        Moderate hearing loss
        The most quiet sounds heard by people with their better ear are between 40 and 70 dB. People who suffer from moderate hearing loss have difficulty keeping up with conversations when not using a hearing aid.
        
        People with hearing loss may use speech, lip reading, reading or a print transcriber to communicate.
      - Cultural definition
        
        View thenselves as a minortiy group rather than a category of disability
        
        How do Deaf people view themselves?
        
        People who identify as Deaf use sign as a primary means of communication and is often their native language and may not lip read.
        
        The deaf community has its own unique culture. Deaf and hard of hearing people produce plays, books, artwork, magazines, and movies targeted at deaf and hard of hearing audiences. The deaf community is also involved with social and political activities exclusive to them.
      - Psychological definition
        
        With advances in technology such as Cochlear Implants the lines are being blurred meaning that many people with hearing impairment are able to communicate orally and participate as a 'normal' person.
        
        Some people may not be ready to admit the severity of their hearing loss and prefer to use the term hard of hearing as it has less connotations of disability attached to it.
        
        Some people who are medically deaf will still describe themselves as Hard of hearing
      - "The pathologic view tends to look at deafness as a disability that can be corrected via medical treatment so the deaf person is "normalized." In contrast, the cultural view embraces the identity of being deaf but does not necessarily reject medical aid."
        Berke, J (2018)
  - - - Inclusive Environment
        
        Teaching practices
        Be a conscientious teacher and avoid speaking whilst facing away from the class
        
        Buddy System
        Allowing students to work together to present information especially when the student with hearing loss has associated speech loss
        
        Access to resources
        Make copies of your lesson content available for students to take away and review .
        
        Sign Language
        Teach sign language to the class/ school as a whole. At least simple phrases such as 'Please, thankyou, line up, sit down etc to help D/ HH student feel valued and included.
      - Built environment
        
        Visually Accessible Design
        
        Visual access to sign language
        
        Natural lighting
        Consistent throughout space to reduce glare, no overly bright areas, and comfortable spaces for face to face interactions
        
        Spotlight on the speaker, signer, and/or interpreter in large areas
        
        Plexiglass barriers and countertop heights to provide sight-line to teacher
        
        Classroom setup of computers with sight-line to teachers
        
        Convex mirrors in hallway intersections to prevent blindspots
        
        Auditorily accessible design
        
        Soundfield and other types of amplification systems
        
        Acoustic ceiling tiles
        
        Acoustic flooring such as carpeting and cork
        
        Quiet heating and ventilation systems
    - - Transforming devices
        Convert speech into text
        
        Face to face communication systems - provides assistance when face to face conversations are necessary. It allows student and teacher to type messages back and forth on two keyboards with displays.
        
        Text and other Adaptive Telephones (TTY) - provides access for students who can’t use amplified telephones. Examples include PDAs, Blackberries, Sidekicks, and videophones.
        
        Captioning services for video/ audio productions - provide captioned audio and video productions to support equal access to content. Caption display spoken dialogue as printed words on a television or computer screen.
        
        Translation Services
        Allows a speaker to be transcribed by a trained individual into a text displayed on a monitor screen or laptop computer. :
        
        CART (communication access realtime translation)
        
        word for word instant translation
        
        C-Print and TypeWell - which provide condensed meaning for meaning instant translation of spoken words into text.
        
        Accessible Instructional Material (AIM)
        Text to speech, word prediction, or another type of assistive technology (helps with competency in reading).
      - Augmenting Devices
        Amplify sound and increase signal to noise ratio
        
        Amplified Telephones
        these help people with varied degrees of hearing loss for telephones and alerting devices.
        
        Personal FM systems
        Students can hear a teacher’s voice through the use of a wireless microphone and receiver. Students can wear them with or without a hearing aid. This device helps to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio.
        
        Infra-red system
        An audio system that uses infra-red light waves to transmit the sound clearly. A strict line of sight is required and natural light may interfere with the transmission.
        
        Induction Loop
        Transmits an audio signal directly into a hearing aid via a magnetic field of wire that encircles the listening area. This can be accessed by hearing aids or cochlear implants and helps reduce background noise
        
        Soundfield Systems
        This sends the teacher’s voice to speakers around the room. This allows more than one student to use at a time but does not benefit signal-to-noise ratio, especially if it is a noisy environment.
    - - Sources
        Bengough, V. (2014). Differentiation and Adjustments for deaf and hard of hearing students. Retrieved November 02, 2018, from http://www.podc.org.au/site/user-assets/DHoH DIFFERENTIATION AND ADJUSTMENTS V3.pdf
        Berke, J. (2018, August 17). Is Deafness a Disability or Cultural Minority? Retrieved October 31, 2018, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/pathological-view-versus-cultural-view-of-deafness-1048594
        Berke, J. (2018, June 21). Are There Differences Between Deaf and Hard of Hearing? Retrieved October 31, 2018, from https://www.verywellhealth.com/deaf-or-hard-of-hearing-whats-the-difference-1048593
        C. (n.d.). Classroom Accessibility for Students Who are Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Retrieved October 31, 2018, from https://www.chs.ca/sites/default/files/mhg_images/CHS003_AccessibilityGuide_EN_APPROVED.PDF
        Categories of Disability Under IDEA. (2017, March 14). Retrieved October 31, 2018, from https://www.parentcenterhub.org/categories/
        Hear-it. Definition of hearing loss – Mild, Moderate, Severe & Profound. (n.d.). Retrieved November 01, 2018, from https://www.hear-it.org/Defining-hearing-loss
        Missouri Assistive Technology Advisory Council, Assistive Technology in the Classroom For Deaf and Hard of Hearing. (n.d.). Retrieved October 31, 2018, from https://cid.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/Assistive-Technology-in-the-Classroom.pdf/
        National Hearing Test. How to Read an Audiogram and Determine Degrees of Hearing Loss. (n.d.). Retrieved November 01, 2018, from http://www.nationalhearingtest.org/wordpress/?p=786
        T.B.R.H.S.C. What is the difference between a person who is “deaf,” “Deaf,” or “hard of hearing”? (n.d.). Retrieved October 31, 2018, from http://www.tbrhsc.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/sign_language.pdf
      - Definition
        A hearing impairment so severe that a child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child's educational performance.