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CentralNervousSystemYengLor (Cerebrum (Tracts of the cerebrum (Projection…
CentralNervousSystemYengLor
Cerebrum
Frontal Lobe: Located immediate behind the forehead in pairs because of the hemisphere of the cerebrum, involved with behavior, learning, and voluntary movements
Temporal Lobe: Located almost below the frontal lobe, behind the temporal bones, involved with areas of speech along with auditory perceptions
Parietal Lobe: Located behind the frontal lobe and above the temporal lobe, involves in visual information uptake and mathematics
Occipital Lobe: The most rear of all the lobes behind the parietal lobe, involves with a variety of visual ques
Pre-central gyrus: The immediate gyri in front of the central sulcus, functions include voluntary movement of the skeletal system
Post-Central gyrus: Immediate gyri behind the central suclus, function involved are sensory receptive area for touch
Borca's area: found in the frontal lobe and on the dominant hemisphere usually on the left of a right handed person, functions involved in speech
Wernicke's area: found on the left upper side of the temporal lobe, and is involved in language development
Tracts of the cerebrum
Projection Tracts: Vertically extended between high and low parts of the brain that carry signals
Commissural Tracts: All the crossing from one hemisphere to the other, allowing communication between hemispheres
Association Tracts: Allows for connection of different regions of the same hemisphere
Diencephalon
Thalamus: Functions as the rely for motor and sensory signals along with sleep and consciousness
Hypothalamus: Noticeable smaller then the thalamus, controls the endocrine glands and organs, releases hormones
Epithalamus: From a sagittal cut, it looks to be inside the thalamus, functions in releasing melatonin and hormones as well
Brain Stem
Midbrain: also known as the mesencephalon it is located before the the thalalmus going up to the brain,and functions in motor movements such as the eyes and auditory proccessing
Pons: Arguable the biggest looking in the brain stem, it is located under the midbrain, functions include connection of the upper brain to lower parts of the brain and relays messages from the cerebellum to the cerebrum
Medulla Oblongata: Continuation of the spinal cord into the skull functions as the regulator to breathing, blood and heart vessels, swallowing and sneezing
Cerebellum: Receiver of sensory information and regulates the voluntary movements including balance, coordination, and posture
Superior cerebellar peduncle: White matter that connects the cerebellum to the midbrain
Middle cerebellar peduncle: Connection to the pons and is made of centripetal fibers
Inferior cerebellar peduncle: Thick- string like strand that connects to the upper medulla Oblongata
There are six total cerebellar peduncle with 3 of the specific location on each side of the cerebellum
Spinal Cord
Conus Medullaris: Tapered end of the spinal cord in the lumbar region
cauda equina: also referred to as the horse tail, it is all the spinal nerve that extends from the Conus medullaris towards the bottoms
Filum terninale: Also know as the terminal thread it is the strands of fibrous tissue extending from the tapered apex of the conus medullaris
Anterior root: Also know as the ventral root, it is the efferent motor unit of a spinal nerve
Posterior roots: Also know as dorsal roots are responsible for sensory input, which extends to ventral roots to make a spinal nerve
CNS Protection
Meninges
Dura mater: Thick memebrane made from dense irregular connective tissue that not only surrounds the brain but also spinal cord
Arachnoid Mater: Middle of the three meninges, provides protection
Pia mater: The most delicate and inner of the three meninges, helps in producing cerebrospinal fluid with the ependyma
Subarachnoid space: The space between the pia and arachnoid mater, being occupied by connective tissue trabecule and cerebrospinal fluid
Epidural Space: Area between the dura mater and a vertebrae wall, contain adipose tissue and small blood vessels
Dural sinuses: Venous channels found in between the meningal layers, functions as the receiver of blood from the brain and nearby locations