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(Ch. 8 Metabolism (Energy (Capacity to cause change/ do work, kinetic…
Ch. 8 Metabolism
Energy
Capacity to cause change/ do work
kinetic energy: associated with motion
thermal energy: energy associated w/ temperature
Potential energy: energy that matter possesses bc of its location or structure
Chemical energy: energy from the release of a chemical reaction
Thermodynamics
First law
Energy in the universe in constant
energy can be transferred or transformed but not created or destroyed
Second law
Energy transferred or transformed increases entropy of universe
Entropy: measure of molecular randomness
Spontaneous process: occurs without energy, can happen fast or slow
Must increase entropy of universe
non spontaneous decrease entropy of universe
Exergonic reaction
proceeds with net release of free energy and is spontaneous
Endergonic reaction
absorbs free energy and is non spontaneous
totality of an organisms chemical reactions
Metabolic pathway: Begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
Catabolic pathways: Breaks down complex molecules into simpler molecules
Anabolic pathways: build simple molecules into complex ones
Ch. 9 Glycolysis and cellular respiration
Steps for cellular respiration
Glucolysis
Electron transport System
Located in inner mitochondrial membrane
Requires oxygen
Reactants: 10 NADH, 2 FADH2, O2, H+, ADP, P
Products: H2O, 32 or 34 ATP, NAD+, FAD
Occurs in cytoplasm near mitochondria
Does not require oxygen
Reactants: 1 Glucose, 2NAD+ from ETS, 2ADP + 2P
Products: 2 ATP, 2 Pyruvic Acid, 2 NADH go to ETS, 2 H+
Transition Cycle
Happens in cytoplasm to mitochondria
Does not require Oxygen
Reactants: 2 Pyruvic Acid, 2 NAD+ from ETS, 2 Coenzyme A
Products: 2 CO2, 2 NADH- go to ETS, 2 Acetyl CoA
Krebs Cycle
Located in mitochondrial matrix
Does not require oxygen
Reactants: 2 Acetyl CoA, 6 NAD+ from ETS, 2 ADP+ 2P, 2 FAD from ETS
Products: 4 Co2, 6 NADH go to ETS, 2 FADH2 go to ETS, 2 ATP
Aerobic respiration
C6H12O6 + 6O2 --> 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
Oxydative Phosphorylation
-occurs in cristae of mitochondria -responsible of greatest production of ATP -Aerobic
Fermintation
Anarobic reaction
Breaks down glucose into pyruvic acid
can be converted into Ethyl alcohol or pyruvic acid
Two types: 1. alcohol 2. Lactic acid
alcohol makes bread and wine
lactic makes cheese and yogurt