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Chapter 8-9 (Glycolysis (In organisms that perform cellular respiration,…
Chapter 8-9
Glycolysis
In organisms that perform cellular respiration, glycolysis is the first stage of this process
Glycolysis is the metabolic process that serves as the foundation for both aerobic and anaerobic cellular respiration
the breakdown of glucose by enzymes, releasing energy and pyruvic acid.
Through two distinct phases, the six-carbon ring of glucose is cleaved into two three-carbon sugars of pyruvate through a series of enzymatic reactions.
Krebs Cycle
The citric acid cycle, also known as the Krebs cycle or the tricarboxylic acid cycle, is at the center of cellular metabolism,
Each pyruvate, which is produced in the cytoplasm, enters the mitochondria to be converted into acetyl coenzyme A
It finishes the sugar-breaking job started in glycolysis and fuels the production of ATP in the process.
2 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 are needed for the krebs cycle.
Transition Reaction
The Transition Reaction converts the two molecules of the 3 carbon pyruvate from glycolysis into two molecules of the 2 carbon molecule acetyl Coenzyme A
Transition Reaction is also called Oxidative Decarboxylation. It takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria.
If there's oxygen, the pyruvate's go into the mitochondria because aerobic respiration occurs only there.
One ATP is required to move these molecules into the mitochondria and this is called the transition reaction because the molecules are transitioning into the mitochondria.
Cellular Respiration
Pyruvate oxidation. Each pyruvate from glycolysis goes into the mitochondrial matrix There, it’s converted into a two-carbon molecule bound to Coenzyme A
Citric acid cycle. The acetyl CoA made in the last step combines with a four-carbon molecule and goes through a cycle of reactions, ultimately regenerating the four-carbon starting molecule.
Glycolysis. In glycolysis, glucose—a six-carbon sugar—undergoes a series of chemical transformations. In the end, it gets converted into two molecules of pyruvate, a three-carbon organic molecule. In these reactions, ATP is made.
Oxidative phosphorylation is the process in which ATP is formed as a result of the transfer of electrons from NADH by a series of electron carriers
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Energy coupling
Transfer of energy from catabolism to anabolism, or transfer of energy from exergonic process to endergonic process.
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Energy coupling is transfer of energy from catabolism to anabolism, or transfer of energy from exergonic process to endergonic process.
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