Ch. 8-9
Aerobic Cellular Respiration
Glycolysis
Transition Reaction
Kerbs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
Anaerobic Cellular Respiration
Energy Coupling
Enzyme subtrate complexes
Exergonic and Endergoinc Reactions
Exergonic
A net release of free energy
Endergonic
Absorbs free energy
G<0
G>0
C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O
G= -686 kcal/mol (-2,870 kJ/mol)
The use of an exergonic process to drive an endergonic one
ATP is responsible for mediating most energy coupling cells
ATP +H2O -> ADP + P
G= -7.3 kcal/mol (-30.5 kJ/mol)
An enzyme binds to its substrate or substrates when there are two or more reactants
The catalytic action of the enzyme converts the substrate to the product of the reaction
Consist of a number of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the inner membrane of the mitochondria of eukaryotic cells
Electron transfer from NADH to oxygen is an exergonic reaction with a free-energy change of -53 kcal.mol,
During cellular respiration, most electrons travel the following "downhill" route: glucose -> NADH -> electron transport chain -> oxygen
Occurs in the cytosol (cytoplasm of cell near mitochondira)
Citric acid cycle
Begins the degradation process by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate
Pyruvate enters the mitochondria and is oxidized to acetyl
Reactants
1 glucose
2NAD fro ETS
2ADP +2P
Products
2 ATP
2 Pyrruvic acid
2 NADH go to ETS
2H
Oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel
Found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Obligate aerobe
When prokaryotic organisms use substances other than oxygen as reactants
Certain cells can oxidize organic fuel and generate ATP without the use of oxygen
The distinction between anaerobic respiration and fermentation is that an electron transport chain is used in anaerobic respiration
Obligate anaerobes
Facultative anaerobes
An organism that carries out only fermentation or anaerobic respiration
Can not use oxygen and in fact may be poisoned by it
An orgaism that requires oxygen for cellular respiration and cannot live without it
An organism that makes ATP by aerobic respiration if oxygen is present but that switches to fermentation or anaerobic respiration when not presented
Mitochondrial matrix
Cytoplasm -> mitochondria
Reactants
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2 pyruvic acid
2 NAD+ from ETS
2 Coenzyme A
Products
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2CO2
2NADH-go to ETS
2 Acetyl CoA
Products
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2 Acetyl CoA
6 NAD+ from ETS
2 ADP + 2P
2 FAD from ETS
Reactants
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4 CO2
6 NADH go to ETS
2 FADH2 go to ETS
2 ATP