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Week 7 Forensics (Internet Model (3 types of internet connections (Peer to…

- - - - BitTorrent
        
        Different pieces of files downloaded from different peers
        
        Sharer shares torent descriptor file
        
        Announce
        The URL of the tracker
        
        Files
        A list of dictionaries corresponding to a file (If there is more than one file)
        
        Length
        Size of the file in bytes
        
        Path
        Subdirectory for the file
        
        Length
        Size of file in bytes (if only one being shared)
        
        Name
        Suggested filename
        
        Piece length
        No. bytes per piece (256KB usually)
        
        Pieces
        A concatenation of each piece's SHA1
        
        Trackers are computers that help match peers together
        
        Swarms are distribution groups formed by trackers
      - Blockchain
  - - - Set of IP prefix under one organisation's control
      - They have a unique ASN (AS number)
      - Has a management organisation called Reginal Internet Registeries (RIR)
        
        5 for each geographical area
        
        Given a range of ASNs by someone like IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)
        
        IANA manages all global IP addresses
        
        IANA is the global root authority for DNS
      - 4 types
        
        Multihomed (does not allow traffic flow)
        
        Network directly connected to 2+ AS
        
        True internet redundancy
        
        IXP (Internet Exchange Point)
        
        Infrastructure used by ISPs to connect to each other
        
        Stub & Transit (Allows traffic flow)
        
        Transit
        
        Connected to multiple AS
        
        Stub
        
        Connected to a single AS
        
        Traffic flow is called peering
    - - Connects ASs together
      - Routes to find shortest path
      - Manually configured routers
      - Uses IP prefixes
      - Allows special rules to be applied
    - - Allows internet access to customers
      - Separated by 3 tiers
        
        Tier 1 (largest)
        Maintains large physical infrastructure
        
        Tier 2 (medium)
        Maintain national internet infrastructure
        
        Tier 3 (smallest)
- - - - Usually compromised hosts