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MaggieForemanCentralNervousSystem (Cerebrum (White Matter Tracts…
MaggieForemanCentralNervousSystem
Cerebrum
Temporal Lobe
Auditory and olfactory cortex, recognize objects, words and faces, language comprehension, emotional response and memory
Occipital Lobe
Visual cortex
Parietal Lobe
Receive/process sensory information, awareness of objects, sounds and body parts, conscious awareness of general somatic sensation
Insula
Pull apart lateral sulcus to find - gustation cortex and general visceral sensations
Frontal Lobe
Thinking, planning, decision making, planning/initiating voluntary movement, memory
Pre-Central Gyrus
Primary motor cortex - initiate/control voluntary movement, more space dedicated to face, tongue and hand
Wernicke Area - located in the left hemisphere in most people, enables understanding of speech, name viewed objects and read words
Post-Central Gyrus
Primary somatosensory cortex - skin, muscle, joints (proprioception), consciously aware of these sensations
Broca Area - located in left hemisphere in most people, controls motor movements of speech
White Matter Tracts
Commisural - connect one hemisphere to another via the Corpus Callosum
Projection - usually the longest, connect cortex to thalamus and cortex to spinal cord - efferent and afferent signals
Association - short, connect parts of the same hemisphere
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus - (several nuclei) main visceral control center, autonomic nervous system, regulates body temperature, hunger and thirst, sleep/wake cycle, endocrine system
Epithalamus - (one nucleus), pineal gland secretes melatonin stimulated by thalamus
Thalamus - paired structure, all conscious sensory information going to cortex (acts as relay station) *except olfaction, can amplify or turn down signals
Brain Stem
Pons - pyramidal motor tracts to spinal cord, middle cerebellar peduncle, reticular formation nuclei
Medulla Oblongata - reticular formation nuclei (autonomic behaviors), cardiac center, vasomotor center and respiratory center
Mid Brain - cerebral peduncles, corpora quadrigemina, superior colliculi, inferior colliculi
Cerebellum
Middle Peduncles - connect pons and cerebellum with cerebrum (efferent pathway)
Inferior Peduncles - connect medulla oblongata, sensory information from spinal cord to cerebellum (afferent pathway)
Superior Peduncles - connects midbrain to cerebellum and cerebral cortex (efferent pathway)
Spinal Cord
Filum Terminale - little bit fiberous connective tissue, anchors spinal cord to coccyx
Anterior Root - sensory neuron cell bodies surrounded by satellite cells
Cauda Equina - nerve roots from lower part of spinal cord (horse's tail)
Posterior Root - motor neuron cell bodies
Conus Medullaris - end/bottom of spinal cord (tapers)
Central Nervous System Protection
Pia Mater - fibrous connective tissue, directly on surface of brain, can't see, can't pull away from surface, very vascular, many capillaries
Subarachnoid Space - filled with cerebrospinal fluid
Arachnoid Mater - blood vessels and web-like connections to pia mater
Epidural Space - filled with fat/adipose
Dura Mater - tough, dense fibrous connective tissue, outmost layer, periosteal portion of dura mater right next to bone, meningeal layer, subdural space (thin film of fluid)
Dural Sinuses - filled with oxygen poor blood, fills longitudinal saggital fissure, between periosteal and meningeal layers