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Community Ecology (Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food…
Community Ecology
Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food Webs
Food web shows the network of numerous interrelationships
Energy flow web maps who feeds on whom
Food chains show the direct line of consumption
Keystone species affects the structure of their community with their absence or presence
Predator-Prey Interactions
Predator Selection Among Multiple Prey
Optimal foraging theory- examine these interactions
Probability prey is encountered, attacked, and eaten
Optimal diet model makes four predictions
Competition Between Species
Interference competition- one organism restricts another organism's access to the resource
Invasive- a species can increase from a low population density even with a competitor
Exploitation competition- Organisms consume a shared resource
One Predator, One Prey
Maximum sustained yield- the species would be stable
Fixed effort harvesting- healthy populations= abundant harvesting
Prey model helps humans understand how to harvest prey
Fixed quota harvesting- hunters harvest particular amounts
Apparent Competition
The predator population fluctuates with the prey population
Prey species share a predator
Beneficial Interactions Between Species
Facilitation is when one organism helps another without receiving any benefit
Nurse plants are plants that alter the small habitat beneath them which helps future species
Mutualism is when both organisms benefit
Primary succession is when organisms become established on newly created substrates
Metapopulations in Patchy Environments
Source habitat is the high quality patch, sink habitat is the low quality patch
Fugitive species is one that survives by colonizing in new patches
Metapopulation is when several local populations are interconnected by migration and gene flow
Assisted dispersal is when animals are captured and released into a new area
Diversity
Diversity and Scale
Species abundance distribution
Species area relationship
Larger areas have greater diversity
Diversity and Latitude
Far Northern areas have lower disversity
Evolutionary history impacts differences and diversity between tropical and high latitude areas
Natural selection forced adaptations but they weren't refined
