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Community Ecology (Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food…
Community Ecology
Interconnectedness of Species: Food Chains and Food Webs
Energy Flow web
a way to trace energy flows through the community
Keystone Species
presence or absence of certain species
Food Web
network of numerous interrelationships
Food Chain
Direct line of consumption
Delicate and important
trophic levels
Predator-Prey Interactions
One Predator, One Prey
One can not exist without the other
Maximum sustained yield
Fixed Quota harvesting
hunters/fisherman are allowed to harvest
prey-dependent
fixed effort harvesting
population health is determined by the amount of fish, deer, ect. than can be harvested with a particular amount of effort.
zero growth isocline
predator population
prey density
functional response
Paradox of enrichment
improving conditions for prey so predatory my overexploit prey and both can be lost
Predator Selection Among Multiple Prey
Optimal Diet Model
Four Predictions
Energy yield of prey
Probability
Broadening diet if high yield is scarce
some prey will always be eaten
Optimal foraging theory
herbivore behavior
Apparent Competition
No actual competition happening
Competition Between Species
resources
Interference competition
Invasive
ecploitation competition
Beneficial Interactions Between Organisms
mutualism
nurse plants
plants that alter area of habitat immediately below themselves for the survival of seedlings
primary succession
organisms become established on newly created substrates
beneficial for both
Metapopulations in Patchy Enviroments
metapopulation
populations connected by migration and gene flow between the patches
Sink habitat
Low-quality patch
Source Habitat
high-quality patch
Fugitive species
one that survives by colonizing new patches
Concepts
Succession
more-or-less predictable sequence of changes
Climax Community
undergoes succession until stability returns
Community restoration
Re-introducing something to a community.
Habitat loss
aka habitat fragmentation
Diversity
Diversity and Latitude
Jungles posses the highest diversity
Posses both high and lows
Environment
Diversity and Scale
Scale
example: larger areas are more diverse
Species-area relationship
relationship between area and species richness
Species abundance distribution
Plot the number of species in each abundance class
Size Matters
