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Chap 6 -7 (membrane structure and function (passive transport (osmosis…
Chap 6 -7
membrane structure and function
plasma membrane
selective permeability
only allows certain things to pass through
non polar lipids can go through the lipid bilayer
polar molecules pass slowly through lipid bilayer
some molecules cannot go through alone
these use transport proteins
aquaporin are proteins use to transport water
built by the ER
structure determines selective permeability
phospholipid
amphipathic
hydrophobic
hydrophilic
Membrane protiens
peripheral protiens
loosely bound to the surface of the membrane
intergral protiens
penetrate hydrophobic interior
passive transport
diffusion
molecules that spread out to available space
move from high concentration to low concentration
concentration gradient
the cell does not have to expend energy
osmosis
water freely moving between the cell
the balance of water
tonicity
a surrounding solution
causes cell to gain or lose water
other cells have osmoregulation
water balance
turgid
cell gets very firm
flaccid
limps
plasmolysis
plant dies
the cell shrivels
facilitated diffusion
uses transport proteins and channel proteins
endocytosis cell takes food from outside source
tour of the cell
all organisms made of cells
Microscopy
electron microscope
focuses beam of electrons on specimen
light microscope
bends light to see specimens
scanning electron microscope
used to focus the electron beam
use to study the topography
transmission electron microscope
use heavy metals to enhance electron density
used to see internal structure
cell fractionation
separates organelles
uses a centrifuge
cells
eukaryotic
DNA in nucleus
has nuclear envelope
the nuclear side has a nuclear lamina
inside has chromosomes
made up of chromatin
nucleolus
has a cytoskeleton
made of different parts
microfilaments
intermediate filaments
microtubules
centrosome
a pair of centriols
prokaryotic
DNA in nucleiod
all cells have cytoplasm
cells have a plasma membrane
determines what goes through the cell
endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
smooth er
outer surface lacks ribosomes
helps detoxify drugs and poisons
synthesis of lipids
rough er
secrete protiens
transported by transport vesicles
lysosomes
sac of hydrolytic enzymes
used to digest macromolecules
other forms of digestion
phagocytosis
engulfing another organism
food vacuoles
plants have a central vacuoles
mitochondria and chloroplast
mitochondrial is the site of cellular reparation
uses oxygen
convert solar energy into chemical energy