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Nervous System (Senses (Anatomy of eye (Posterior segment (Largest cavity…

- - - - Interoceptor
        
        Stimulus origin is internal organs
      - Proprioceptor
        
        Stimulus origin is muscles (including tendons), ligaments and joints
      - Exteroceptor
        
        Stimulus come from environment
        
        Typically located in skin and special senses
    - - Chemoreceptor
        
        Sensitive to chemicals (ex. blood, water, air, saliva)
      - Nociceptor
        
        "Noxious" sensitive to pain, dangerous/painful
      - Photoreceptor
        
        receptive to light sensitivity
      - Mechanoreceptor
        
        sensitive to pressure, touch, vibration and stretch
      - Thermoreceptor
        
        receptive to cold sensitive receptors and warm sensitive receptors
      - Baroreceptor
        
        measures blood pressure
  - - - Choroid
        
        nourishes the other layers
        
        deeply pigmented
        
        absorbs light and prevents from scattering
    - - Retina
        
        photoreceptors
        
        axons converge to form the optic nerve
    - - Sclera
        
        Opaque of eye
        
        extrinsic eye muscles
        
        protective anchor for mucus
      - Cornea
        
        Clear
        
        involved with focusing light on retina
        
        allows light into the eye
    - - Allow to see color work best in bright light
    - - Sensitive to light
    - - Intrinsic muscle
      - Sphincter muscle can dialate/constrict
    - - Posterior to the iris
      - Involved in focusing light on the retina
    - - Blind spot
      - No photoreceptors
    - - Exactly opposite the pupil
      - Posterior pole
    - - Center of macula lutea
      - location of our clearest vision
    - - Largest cavity or segment of eyeball
      - Supports retina and lens
      - Filled wth vitreous humor (gel like, clear)
      - Maintains normal pressure in the eye
    - - Filled with aqueous humor (watery) nourishes the lens and cornea and maintains normal interocular pressure
      - From iris to posterior segment is the posterior chamber
  - - - light --> cornea (focus) --> pupil --> Lens (focus) --> posterior segment --> retina
    - - retina --> optic nerve--> optic chiasma --> optic tract --> midbrain --> thalamus --> primary visual cortex in occipital lobe of brain
  - - - roof of nasal cavity
    - - olfactory receptors --> olfactory sensory neuron within the olfactory bulb --> olfactory tract --> limbic system (emotional brain) & primary olfactory cortex in temporal lobe
  - - - tongue
      - inner cheeks
      - posterior wall of pharynx
      - epiglottis
    - - facial nerve
      - glossopharyngeal nerve
      - vagus nerve
  - - - cochlear branch of cranial nerve VII --> medulla oblanagata--> pons --> midbrain --> thalamus --> primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe
    - - medulla oblongata --> thalamus --> gustatory cortex in the insula
    - - middle ear
        
        tympanic membrane
        
        auditory ossicles
        
        liquid filled cochlea
      - outer ear
        
        auricle
        
        gather sound waves, amplify
- - - - Unipolar/bipolar
      - Cell bodies located in ganglia of the PNS
    - - Structurally multipoalr
      - Most numerous of all neurons in the body
      - Found only in CNS
    - - Cell bodies in CNS
      - Travel to muscle and glands
      - Multipolar
  - - - Two processes from cell body
      - Receiving end (dendrites)
      - Present in special senses
    - - One process from cell body
    - - Most abundant
      - Many processes
  - - - Receiving part, receptive to messages from other cells
    - - Branches of main axon
    - - Clusters of free ribosomes and rough endoplasmic reticulum
      - Renew the plasma membrane and proteins within the cytosol
    - - End of axon turns into smaller branches
    - - Very end of cell
- - - - Structurally supportive
      - Regulates exchange of materials in and out of neuron cell body
    - - Insulates axons and allows signals to travel faster
      - There are gaps called myelin sheath gaps "Rodes of Ranvier"
      - Mostly lipid and some protein
    - - Wrap their plasma membrane around one portion of one axon
    - - Cluster of neuron cell bodies
    - - Bundle of axons
  - - - Phagocytes, remove microbes
    - - Lined spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid called ventricles
      - Cilia keep cerebrospinal fluid moving
      - Simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium
    - - Many processes that contact neurons and capillaries
      - Most numerous types of glial cell
      - Supports neurons structurally, helps maintain appropriate chemical environment
    - - Wrap their plasma membranes around one portion of several axons
    - - Group or cluster of neuron cell bodies
    - - Bundles of axons
  - - - Loose connective tissue
    - - Tough fibrous connective tissue surrounds nerve
    - - Fibrous connective tissue that surrounds each fascicle
    - - Parts of neuron that carries the signal
    - - Insulation that covers some axons. myelinated and non-myelinated axons