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Senses and Nervous System (Senses (Eye (Components (Iris, choroid, and…
Senses and Nervous System
Nervous System Organization
CNS
Structures: brain and spinal cord
Functions: receives and processes incoming signals and responds
PNS
Structures: cranial and spinal nerves
Functions: be sensitive to stimuli and send info to the CNS
Autonomic Division: output to ventral body cavity
Somatic Division: output to skeletal muscle
Senses
Eye
Components
Iris, choroid, and ciliary body
Retina and optic nerve
Sclera and cornea
Rods and Cones
macula Lutea, fovea centralis and optic disc
lens and pupil
Pathway
: cornea, pupil, lens, through posterior seg, retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, midbrain, thalamus, primary visual cortex in occipital lobe.
Receptors
Stimulus Type
Photoreceptors
Nociceptors
Chemoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors & Barorecptors
Thermoreceptors
Stimulus Origin
Interoceptors
Exteroceptors
Proprioceptors
Olfactory
Components
bulb
roof of nasal cavity
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
olfactory sensory neurons
Pathway
: olfactory receptors, olfactory sensory neurons w/in olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, limbic system and primary olfactory cortex in temporal lobe
Gustatory
Pathway
: Cranial nerves, medulla oblongata, thalamus,gustatory cortex w/in the insula
Components
taste buds on tongue, pharynx, epiglottis, and inner cheeks
Facial Nerve VII
Glossopharyngeal nerve IX
vagus nerve X
Ear
Pathway
: auricles, tympanic membrane, auditory ossicles, cochlea, vestibularcochlear nerve, cochlear branch of cochlear nerve, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, thalamus, primary auditory cortex in temporal lobe.
Components
Cochlea
Cochlear and vestibular nerves
Tympanic membrane and auditory occisles
auricles
Neurons
Functional Types
motor
interneurons
Sensory
Structural Types
multipolar
bipolar
unipolar
Components
nucleus and nucleolus
dendrites
axon terminals
axon and myelin sheath
chromatophillic substance
axon hillcock
cell body
axon collateral
Anatomy of Nervous System
Glia Cells
W/in CNS
Microglia: phagocytes, removes microbes and damaged nerve tissue
Ependymal: lines areas with cerebral spinal fluid and moves the fluid.
Astrocytes: located in blood vessels and supports neuron and maintains chemical environment.
oligodendrocytes: creation of myelin sheath around axons in CNS
W/in PNS
Satellite Cells: located on ganglion cell and supports cell and regulates material exchange in and out of cell.
Schwann cell: creation of myelin sheath around axons in PNS
Nerve Components
Nerve Parts
Axon
myelin sheath
fascile
connective tissues
perineurium: fibrous C.T. surrounds fascicles
Epineurium: surrounds nerve, fibrous C.T.
Endoneurium: loose C.T. covers axon