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Ch 6 + 7 (Membrane Structure and Function (Effects of osmosis on water…
Ch 6 + 7
Membrane Structure and Function
Selective permeability
Cellular Membranes and fluid mosaics of lipids and proteins
amphipathic
fluid mosaic model
Fluidity of Membranes
Evolution of differences in membrane lipid composition
Membrane proteins and their funcitons
Integral proteins
Peripheral proteins
Important proteins:
Transport
Enzymatic activity
signal transduction
cell-cell recognition
intercellular joining
attachment to the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
Role of membrane carbohydrates in cell-cell recognition
glycolipids
glycoproteins
Synthesis and sidedness of membranes
Permeability of lipid bilayer
Transport proteins
aquaporins
Passive transport is diffusion across membrane
diffusion
concentration gradient
passive transport
Effects of osmosis on water balance
osmosis
Water balance of cells without cell walls
tonicity
isotonic
hypertonic
hypotonic
osmoregulation
turgid
flaccid
plasmolysis
facilitated diffusion: passive transport aided by proteins
ion channels
gated channels
Active transport
sodium-potassium pump
How ion pumps maintain membrane potential
membrane potential
electrochemical gradient
electrogenic pump
contransport: coupled transport by a membrane protein
Endocytosis
Phagocytosis
Pinocytosis
Receptor -Mediated Endocytosis
Eukaryotic cells internal membranes
cytosol
nucleus
Animal cells
Flagellum
Endoplasmic reticulum
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Plasma membrane
Ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
Lysosome
Mitochondrion
Peroxisome
Microvilli
Microtubules
Intermediate filaments
Microfilaments
Cytoskeleton
Centrosome
Extracellular matrix (ECM) of Animal cells
collagen
proteoglycans
fibronectin
integrins
Cell junctions
Tight juntions
Desmosomes
Gap junctions
Plant cells
Nuclear envelope
Nucleolus
Chromatin
Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Ribosomes
Central vacuole
Microfilaments
Microtubules
Chloroplast
Plasmodesmata
Wall of adjacent cells
Plasma membrane
Mitochondrion
Golgi apparatus
Cell walls of plants
Primary cell wall
middle lamella
secondary cell wall
Plasmodesmata
Genetic instructions
The Nucleus: Information Central
Nuclear envelope
nuclear lamina
chromosomes
Chromatin
Nucleolus
Ribosomes: Protein factories
Ribosomes
free ribosomes
Endomembrane system
vesicles
Endoplasmic reticulum
smooth er
rough er
glycoproteins
transport vesicles
golgi apparatus
lysosomes
phagosytosis
vacuoles
food vaculoes
contractile vacuoles
central vacuole
Cytoskeleton: Network of fibers and organizes structures and activities in the cell
Support and Motility
Motor proteins
Microtubules
Centrosomes and Centrioles
Cilia and Flagella
basal body
dyneins
Microfilaments (Actin Filaments)
actin
cortex
myosin
pseudopodia
cytoplasmic streaming
Intermediate filaments
Microscopy
Light Microscope
Resolution
Organelles
Brightfield (unstained specimen)
Brightfield (stained specimen)
Phase-contrast
Differential interference contrast (Nomarski)
Fluorescence
Confocal
Deconvolution
Super-resolution
Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
Electron Microscopy (EM)
3D
Transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Mitochondria and chloroplasts change energy from one form to another
Mitochondria
Mitochondrial matrix
cristae
chloroplasts
thylakoids
granum
stroma
plastids
endosymbiont theory
Peroxisomes:Oxidation
peroxisome
Cell fractionation
Homogenization
Centrifugation
Differential Centrifugation
Both Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic
cytoplasm
plasma membrane
phosopholipids
proteins
carbohydrate side chains
Geometric relationships between surface and volume
Prokaryotic cells
Nucleoid