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PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS (method of protein classification (Secondary…
PROTEIN AND AMINO ACIDS
-Protein are polymers of amino acids
Groups of amino acids
depends on side-chain (R)
Non-Polar
Aliphatic
Aromatic
Polar/uncharged amino acids hydrophilic
Polar/electrically charged amino acid hydrophilic
basic
acidic
Essential & non-essential amino acids
-plants and microorganism can synthesize all amino acids
-mamals cannot synthesize all amino acids
non-essential amino acid- can be synthesized by organism
Essential amino acid-supplied in diet
Acid base properties of amino acids
contain acidic group(COOH) and basic group(NH2)
a dipolar ion that has both -ve and +ve charge thus become neutral
-comman for salts
Stereoisomer/optical isomer
mirror image
peptide bond
-peptide bond is a covalent bond between amino group of one amino acid and the carboxyl group of another.
-always exists in trans configuration
disulphide bond
method of protein classification
Secondary structure
primary structure will spontaneously coil or fold, forming secondary structures.
alpha helix
-coiled
beta pleated sheet
-folded
Tertiary structure
Achieved by folding and coiling of the secondary structure into a unique three dimensional (3-D) structure
compact globular shape/conformation ![image]
Primary structure
-linear sequence of amino acid
Quaternary structure
2 or more polypeptide chain join to form a single functional molecule
no covalent forces
Types of proteins
fibrous protein
hard long, long & fibrous; insoluble in water
e.g: collagen ,keratin, fibroin
globular protein
compact, folded, soluble in water, groove
e.g: haemoglobin, enzyme. antibody
Funtions
Biological catalysts
Structural components
Mechanical
Storage & transport
Coding for cell information
Hormones/ receptors
Special functions - e.g. antibody
