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USING OF PCM IN SOLAR PANELS
solar (A PCM with an easily adjustable…
USING OF PCM IN SOLAR PANELS
A PCM with an easily adjustable melting point would be a necessity as the melting point is the most important criterion for selecting a PCM for passive solar applications (Farid et al. 2004).
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PCM Materials that were mostly investigated were paraffins and fatty acids. Paraffins were mostly used as a PCM material because they have a high latent heat of fusion which gives them high heat capacities (Fortuniak et al. 2013).
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Coconut oil was used as a potential PCM material by checking its thermophysical parameters [Silalahi et al. 2017]
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Ideal PCM for cooling PV panel must have large latent heat of fusion, high thermal conductivity, be chemically stable, non-corrosive, non-toxic, melt, temperature lying in the operating temperature of the PV panel and minimum sub cooling.
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A PCM is a substance which can store and release large amounts of energy, typically in the form of heat
Biwole et al. 2011
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They absorb or reject heat in the process. Compared to other methods of temperature regulation, the use of PCM has the added advantage of storing heat energy that can be used asynchronously (Browne et al. 2015).
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Organic phase change materials become the research focus because in its phase change
process the parvafacise phenomenon is hard to happen, and it is easy to be overcooled Wang et al. 2011
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Thaib et al 2018 developed a SP/PCM system using beeswax and paraffin wax as PCM to SP/PCM systems installed outdoors. They concluded that, when compared to paraffin wax, beeswax was better at lowering the temperature of the panel.
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PCM with a melting point of between 28° Celsius and 32° Celsius would be the most efficient in maintaining the temperature on a summer, which is on average, around 29° Celsius.
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When PCM material melts(solid-liquid phase), it absorbs a large amount of heat from the environment. When a PCM freezes (liquid-solid phase), it releases a large amount of energy in the form of latent heat at a relatively constant temperature.
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Biobased PCMs are organic compounds derived from animal fat and plant oils. Their melting temperatures range between -40°C and 151°C. It is derived from fatty acids and have higher efficiency than salt hydrates and petroleum-based phase change material. It has a high latent heat so it is also a better choice to use as a PCM material.
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Organic bio-based PCMs that have been known to be significantly less flammable than paraffins so it can be used safely (Arce et al. 2018)
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Metawee et al. (2012 and 2013) have shown that coconut oil can be used as a PCM material in the solar panels as they check its thermophysical parameters specifically its specific heat and heat of fusion which shows a great potential as a PCM that can be used in solar panels.
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Bio-based PCM has a high latent heat and high enthalpy so it is also a better choice to use as a latent heat storage in solar panels (Shchukina 2018).
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Gondora et al. (2016) suggested the use of PCM for it is the best option as it doesn’t emit carbon dioxide as the side effect of the use of cooling system and offers more energy storage capacity and less temperature fluctuation with respect to traditionally used materials due to their having a high latent capacity.
The law of thermodynamics tells that with increased heat comes decreased power output, and this applies to PV cells. Thus, warmer temperatures will always mean less output for PV cells (Dincer and Rosen 2007).