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Chapters 6 & 7 (organelles (nucleus (nuclear envelope (double membrane…

- - - - double membrane enclosing nucleus, continuous of ER
    - - involved in production of ribosomes
    - - consisting of DNA and proteins
  - - - synthesis of lipids, metabolism of carbs., detoxification of drugs and poison and storage of calcium ions
- - - - penetrate hydrophobic interior of liquid bilayer
      - majority are transmembrane proteins
      - intregrins
    - - loosely bound to surface
    - - transport
      - enzymatic activity
      - signal transduction
      - cell-cell recognition
      - inter-cellular joining
      - attachment to cytoskeleton and ECM
  - - - flow of molecules down a concentration gradient across a membrane but requires the help of a protein
    - - free water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane, down a concentration gradient
    - - movement of molecules across a semi-permeable membrane without the help of protein channels
- - - - magnify the size of the specimen
    - - focuses beam of electrons through specimen or onto the surface
    - - show a 3D image of specimen
    - - reveals inside the cell structure
  - - - when cell increases/decreases in size so does surface area and volume ratio
- - - - maintenance of cell motility, chromosomes movements
    - - maintenance of cell shape with muscle contraction, division of cells, and cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells
    - - maintenance of shape anchoring nucleus and certain organelles