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O Worker (There were a lot of social things that scholars say Parvin was…

- - - - Parvin writing not for marriage
        
        Milani: "equates women's writing with only one objective: finding a husband"(104)
        
        Even fiery, patriotic poems
        
        Femininity and personal-ness was put onto her poetry
        
        Writing on social justice/political topics
      - At the time ppl were talking about freedoms and responsibilities (70)
      - Poets for the first time were in contact w/ normal ppl
    - - She provides an outline for a dynamic of power and suffering
        
        Overall: she's using a very striking dichotomy
        
        There's also a religious aspect to this dichotomy
        
        Religious motif
        
        corruption and cleanliness/uncleanliness - what that means for eating carrion.
        
        Corruption: bribary, etc, what is the current political climate
        
        1 more item...
        
        Cleanliness/dirtiness thing (first with the purity of the oppressor, then the physical dirtiness of the oppressed)
        
        Also w/ righteousness/purity
        
        Heaven denies you lamp
        
        Heaven is bright
        
        Newly secularized judiciary
        
        What is Parvin doing then w/ the religious judge?
        
        Diction
        
        Religious language: heaven, devil, hejab
        
        polysemy
        
        Pak: religious, as well as clean
        
        without pollution, corruption, taint, as well as honor
        
        The word hejab
        
        Personification? Devil of greed and ego?
        
        Language of dichotomy of power and abjectness
        
        Dichotomy voice of oppressor and oppressed
        
        Juxtaposition of sound and meaning
        
        contrast of worker's status and the capitalist's
        
        Many dichotomies
        
        Dichotomies
        
        Mirror structures: worthiness pertaining to clothing, education food
        
        Also light: were these issues very prevalent at the time?
        
        My translation saught to call out and preserve the echoes and mirrorings of some of these concepts
        
        Dichotomies are important to Parvin
        
        Who do the leaders answer to?
        
        Injustice in the law
        
        Both at beginning and closer to end
        
        Paints a negative picture of the ruling class
        
        Pointing out exploitation w/ force
        
        Very graphic, violent imagery
        
        Blood, leeches, eating carrion
        
        The rulers and the wealthy as leeches, vultures (metaphor)
        
        The ruling class as evil: greed, ego ≠ face of truth
        
        Parvin's contempt for greed and material
        
        Corruption
        
        Talks about the suffering of laborors
        
        What are your wages?
        
        Your wages are rebuke and blame
        
        I have a choice of translating as rights or wages, I chose wages, but it could be either
        
        Workers' place in society at the time?
        
        Workers ≠ human, with مردم line
        
        Who is valued in society? Who is human?
        
        Parvin usually praises work
        
        "Cult of knowledge and work, which was the ethics of the rising bourgeoisie...finds an inverted expression in her poetry. Ants, needles, peasants and simple laborers do not work to bring prosperity to society. They work because it is their divine duty; it is a means to purify their soul. At the same time is an insurance against self indulgence". (D 83)
        
        Respect for those in pain
        
        Rich imagery: Themes: blood, light, wages
      - Does parvin think that will actually happen though?
        
        Irony and sarcasm???
        
        Irony
        
        Don't worry, learning only suits, you have the moon, etc
        
        Don't "worry"s are echoing the attitude the poem is talking about
        
        If...then...don't worry structure
        
        Parvin writes about defeat
        
        Davaran belives that Parvin's poetry was dark "poetry of defeat" because she could not be free
        
        "In her poetry, wherever parvin turns, she sees injustice and foredoomed fate. The rich and powerful always have the upper hand and incessantly trample the poor, and the meek have not hope for salvation."(D)
        
        "...change is impossible. In Parvin's scheme of things, there is almost not even a hint of revolt. On the contrary, every notion of resistance and every attempt to interfere with the destined order of things is treated contemptuously, and in each case, Providence punishes the rebel without any further ado. Over and over again, she warns little kids, baby mice, kittens, and small birds against the dangers of boldness." (D)
        
        The stuff about the role of the worker
        
        Does parvin think this tho? is it rhetorical? is this both
        
        Where does Parvin's deep melancholy come from (touch on)
        
        Pessimism
        
        She tells women not to seek freedom "don't enjoy your flickering freedom; only suffer the results."
        
        Most of her poems that feature Iranian women 9of which there are nor many, she is almost preaching to them (D)
    - - Call to action: claiming what's yours
        
        Calling out to the worker "Oh worker!" - which I put at the beginning b/c xyz
        
        Why I put worker at the beginning
        
        Just want to get that echoey thing, which flowed better in english at the beginning
        
        Not trying to preserve ghazal structure
        
        (I also took liberties w/ punctuation)
        
        How much longer?
        
        Lock up and kill the ruling elite
        
        Violent
        
        Calls to action are all the beginning
        
        Changes to limit
      - Truth will not be unveiled until there is liberation
    - - Parvin using a uniquely female voice in this poem
        
        Theme of covering: hejab was a thing for Etesami
        
        ALSO deeply personal as well as gendered
        
        The face of truth is bound, veiled
        
        Milani talks about how she lived behind a curtain
        
        The unveiling/veiling thing she references at that one point
        
        Using the word henna for dye
        
        Using henna as a gendered image that might be missed with just the word dye
        
        feminist worker discourse
        
        Tied to motherhood
        
        She DOES have female voice in her poems (they don't say that)
      - Parvins voice, and taking diverse voices
        
        Who's perspective is this from?
        
        Change of perspective from oppressed to oppressor
        
        taking multiple perspectives in her poetry
      - Milani: Parvin and her work are considered "manly"
        
        "unlike classical male poets to whom she is compared all too often, she never wrote lyrical or panegyric poems"(Milani 107-108)
        
        Parvin stays with classical forms
        
        Is her subject matter typical though?
        
        More out of the fact that she showed any of herself, bi hejab, "either a whore or a man"
      - Davaran: What is the significance of the fact that Parvin introduced a host of characters but never a young woman among them? Can it be deduced that she was insensitive to the plight of her fellow countrywoman...?
      - Henna/dye (?)
      - Also the word "hejab"
    - - Davaran said that Parvin was disengaged (69)
        
        Davaran says that Parvin chose not to bear testimony to her time or to her situation
        
        She does though!
    - - The implication of this poem not being about debate