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NorahEricksonNervousSystem (Neurons (Components (Myelination (PNS; Schwan…
NorahEricksonNervousSystem
Senses
receptors; stimulus origin
Exteroceptors
stimulus; environment
skin and special senses
interoceptors
stimulus; internal organs
receptors; stimulus type
Proprioceptors
located
muscles
tendons
ligaments
joints
Thermoreceptors
cold and warm temps
located
skin
internal organs
Photoreceptors
light
location
eye
Chemoreceptors
chemicals
location
nose
tongue
blood
nociceptor
pain
Mechanoreceptors
touch, pressure, vibration, stretch
Baroreceptors
pressure
blood pressure
location
blood vessels
Eye
Components
Tunic/ Fibrous layer
Sclera
white
dense connective tissue
anchor for extrinsic eye muscles
gives shape
protective
Cornea
transparent
allows light into the eye
focuses light
Vascular Layer
Choroid
black
nourishes other layers
absorbs light
prevents scattering
inner layer
Retina
thin
contains photo receptors
rods
abundent, sensative to light and dark
cones
color vision
axons converge to form optic nerve
lens
focuses light on retina
iris
anterior to lens, posterior to cornea
dilate and constrict pupil
optic disk
blind spot; no photo receptors
optic nerve
Macula Lutea
located opposite the pupil
area of clearest vision
Anterior segment
lens to cornea
Anterior chamber
cornea to iris
posterior chamber
iris to lens
produces aqueous humor
filled with aqueous humor
Posterior segment
lens and cilliiated body to posterior wall
filled with vitreous humor
supports retina and lens
maintains eye pressure
Visual Pathway
cornea
lens
retina
optic nerve
optic chasm
optic tract
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nerve crossing
Cranial nerve (II)
photoreceptors
focus
focus
Olfaction (smell)
pathway
roof of nasal cavity
olfactory sensory neuron
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
limbic regin
primary olfactory cortex, intermediate lobe
Components
roof of nasal cavity
pseudostratified columnar epithelium
Gustation (taste)
pathway
taste buds with receptor cells
3 cranial nerves
medula oblongala
thalmus
primary gustitory cortex in insula of the brain
components
taste buds
tongue, inner cheeks, pharynx, palate and epiglottis
cranial nerves
Facial nerve (VII)
anterior tongue
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
posterior tongue
Vegas Nerve (X)
epiglottis
Ear
Components
External Aricle/Pinna
gathers, funnels sound waves, amplification
tympanic membrane
ear drum
vibrate, transmits vibrations
auditory ossicles
transmit vibrations
chochlea
fluid filled organ
pathway
external ear
tympanic membrane
middle ear
auditory ossicles
chochlea
cochlear nerve
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Nervous System Organization
Central Nervous System
brain
spinal cord
receives, process and respond to sensory input
Peripheral nervous system
Cranial nerves
connect to the brain
spinal nerves
connect to the spinal cord
ganglia
cluster/group of neuron cell bodies
gathers sensory info from receptors and passes it on
Somatic
motor
skin and muscles, torso
sensory
skin, skeletal muscle, equilibrium, vision, joints, hearing
Autonomic
motor
ventral body cavity contents, smooth muscle, cardiovascular muscle, glands, sweat glands, blood vessels
Visceral
mainly vental body cavity contents, gustation and olfaction
Anatomy of the Nervous System
components
cell body
dendrites
terminal axon
axon
Glial cells
CNS
Astrocyte
maintains envirnment, support,
contact; axon and capillaries
Microglia
phagocyte-destroys invading microbes and dead/dying nervous tissue
Ependymal cell
locate in ventricles
simple cuboidal /columnar epithelium
PNS
Satellite Cells
surround neuron cell bodies, regulates what goes in and out of the cell
Neurons
Components
Myelination
PNS; Schwan cells
insulates; allowing for quicker travel
CNS; oligodenorocytes
nucleus
cluster of neuron cell bodies in CNS
tract
bundle of axons in CNS
Motor neurons
away from CNS
stimulates movement
sensory neurons
toward CNS
receives and transports messages to brain
interneurons
in the CNS
between neurons
Multipolar
Has many axons off of cell body
motor
unipolar
has one axon off of cell body
sensory
bipolar
has two axons off of cell body
special senses