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Nervous System (Senses (The types of receptors based on stimulus type…

- - - - Cold and warm receptor
    - - Light with exteroceptor
    - - Sensitive to chemical
    - - Painful
    - - Touch, pressure, vibration, stretch
    - - Measure blood pressure
  - - - Stimulus comes from environment
        
        Location: skin, special senses
    - - Stimulus origin is internal organs
        Ex: we can feel our stomach when we ate too much
    - - Stimulus origin is muscles (including tendon), ligament, and joints
        Ex: When closing the eyes, we got signal from out muscles
  - - - Fibrous layer
        
        Sclera: white, dense connective tissue
        
        Cornea: clear- allows light into the eye
      - Vascular layer
        
        Choroid: nourishes the other layers
      - Inner layer
        
        Retina: photoreceptor- axons
        converge to form optic nerve
    - - Cornea
        
        Pupil
        
        Lens
        
        (Posterior segment- vitreous humor)
        
        Retina
  - - - Olfactory epithlium
        
        Roof of the nasal cavity
        
        Pseudostratified columnar epithelium
    - - Olfactory receptors
        
        Olfactory sensory neuron
        within the olfactory bulb
        
        Olfactory tract
        
        Limbic system
        
        Primary olfactory cortex in temporal lobe
  - - - Taste buds
        
        Tongue, inner checks, posterior wall of pharynx, and epiglottis
        
        Epithelial cells
    - - Medullar ublongata
        
        Thalamus
        
        Gustatory cortex in the insula
    - - Facial nerve (VII)
        
        Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
        
        Vagus nerve (X)
  - - - Outer layer
        
        Auricle (pinna): gather sound waves
        
        External acoustic meatus: running medially
        from the auricle to ear drum
      - Middle layer
        
        Tympanic membrane (ear drum)
        
        Auditory ossicles: malleus, incus, and stapes
      - Inner layer (labyrinth)
        
        Semicircular canal
        
        Vestibule
        
        Cochlea
    - - Vestibular nerve and cochlear nerve
        
        Internal acoustic meatus
        
        Vestibulocochlear nerve VIII
        
        Cochlea banch of CN VIII
        
        Medulla oblongata
        
        Pons
        
        1 more item...
- - - - Receive and process incoming signal
        
        Respond
    - - Brain
        
        Spinal cord
  - - - Cranial nerves: attached to brain
        
        Spinal nerves: attached to spinal cord
        
        Ganglia: cluster/group of neuron cell bodies
    - - Be sensitive to stimuli and send that information toward CNS
- - - - Three or more processes
        
        Found in the CNS
    - - Single axon and dendrite
        
        Found only in some special
        sense organs
    - - One process attached to the cell body
        
        Cell body appears to divide the axon
        into parts (peripheral & central process)
  - - - Multipolar
        
        Cell bodies in CNS
        --> muscle and glands
    - - Unipolar
        
        Bipolar: special sensory
        
        Cell bodies located in ganglia of PNS
    - - Between neuron in CNS
        
        multipolar
        
        99.98% of all neurons in the body
- - - - Nerve fiber
    - - Around each axon
    - - Around myelin sheath
    - - Around the bundle of axons
    - - Bundle of axons
    - - Outer most layer
        
        Surrounding multiple nerve
        fascicles and blood vessels
  - - - Astrocytes
        
        Most numerous
        
        Many processes that contact neurons
        and capillaries (smallest blood vessels)
      - Microglia (phagocytes)
        
        Remove microbes and
        damaged nerve tissue
      - Oligodendrocytes
        
        Wrap their plasma membranes
        around one portion of several axon
      - Ependymal cells
        
        Simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium
        with cilia that keep CSF moving
        
        Lining spaces filled with cerebrospinal
        fluid called ventricles
    - - Satellite cells
        
        Structurally supportive
        
        Regulates exchange of materials
        in/out of neuron cell body
      - Schwann cells
        
        Wrap plasma membrane around
        one portion of one axon
        
        Being supported