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Nervous System (senses (receptors based on stimulus type (mechanoreceptor,…
Nervous System
senses
receptors based on stimulus origin
interoceptors
proprioceptors
exteroceptors
receptors based on stimulus type
mechanoreceptor
nociceptor
chemoreceptor
photoreceptor
thermoreceptor
eye components
vascular layer
choroid
inner layer
retina
fibrous layer
sclera
visual pathway
Cornea, pupil, lens, posterior segment, retina, optic nerve, optic chiasm, optic tract, midbrain, thalamus, primary visual cortex in occipital lobe.
olfaction component
roof of nasal cavity
olfaction pathway
Olfactory receptors, olfactory sensory, neuron within olfactory bulb, olfactory tract, primary olfactory cortex in temporal lobe.
gustation components
inner cheeks
posterior wall of pharynx
tongue
gustation pathway
Facial nerve Vll, glossopharyngeal nerve lX, vagus nerve X
medulla oblongata, thalamus, gustatory cortex in the insula
epiglottis
ear components
hearing pathway
Cochlear branch of vestibulocochlear nerve Vlll, medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain, thalamus, primary auditory cortex in temporal bone
inner ear
tympanic membrane (ear drum)
auditory ossicles
cochlea
vestibular nerve
cochlear nerve
outer ear
auricle
pinna
nervous system organization
peripheral nervous system
spinal nerves
cranial nerves
function; sensitive to stimuli & send information to CNS
somatic division
sensory; signals from touch, pain, pressure, vibrations, temperature, proprioception from skin, body wall & limbs
motor; signals to skeletal muscle
central nervous system
brain
spinal cord
function; receive & process incoming signals
autonomic division
sensory (visceral); stretch, pain, temperature, chemical changes, irritation in viscera, nausea, hunger
motor; regulates contraction of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle & glands
neurons
structural types
bipolar
multipolar
unipolar
functional types
sensory or afferent neurons
interneurons or association neurons
motor or efferent neurons
major components
nucleus
nucleolus
cell body
chromatophilic substance
axon hillock
dendrites
axon
anatomy of nervous system
glial cells
microglia
phagocytes that eat bacteria, viruses & worn out cells
astrocytes
processes that contract neurons & capillaries
ependymal cells
simple cuboidal/columnar epithelium that lines spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid
oligodendrocytes
primarily lipids that wrap their plasma membranes around one portion of several axons
Schwann cells
wrap their plasma membrane around one portion of one axon
satellite cells
regulates exchange of materials in/out of neuron cell body
nerve components
fascicle
perineurium
endoneurium
myelin sheath
axon
epineuriam