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Nervous System (Senses (Eye components and visual pathways (Fibrous Layer,…
Nervous System
Senses
Types of receptors based on stimulus origin
Exteroceptors
Interoceptors
Proprioceptors
Types of receptors based on stimulus type
Thermoreceptors
Photoreceptor
Chemoreceptors
Nociceptors
Mechanoreceptor
Baroreceptors
Eye components and visual pathways
Fibrous Layer
Sclera; white part of the eye
Cornea; transparent part of the eye
Vascular Layer
Choroid; nourishes other layers
Inner Layer
Retina; photoreceptors
Rods
Cones
lens
iris
optic disc
macula lutea
fovea centralis
Posterior segment
from the lens to the cornea
Anterior segment
from the cornea to the iris
Visual Pathways
Cornea
lens
retina
optic nerve
optic chiasma
optic tract
mid-brain
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Olfaction- sense of smell
Location: roof of nasal cavity
Structure: Psedostratified Columnar Epithelium
Olfaction Pathway
olfcatory sensory neurons
olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
limbic region; emotional brain
primary olfactory cortex; temporal lobe
Gustation; sense of taste
Location: tongue, inner cheek, pharynx, palate, epiglottis
Structure: Epithelial cells
Pathway
gustation
taste buds with receptor cell
3 cranial nerves
medula obligato
thalamus
primary gustatory cortex
Ear Components
Outer Ear
Auricle; gather and funnel sound waves
External Acoustic meatus
Middle Ear
Tympanic membrane
Auditory ossicles
Pathway
vestibulocochlear
cochlear nerve
medula oblangata
pans
mid-brain
thalamus
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Nervous System Orginization
CNS
Structure: brain and spinal cord
Function: Receive, process, and respond to sensory input
PNS
Structure: cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia.
Function: gathers sensory info from all the receptors and passes it on.
Somatic Motor
message going to a particular place like the skin, skeletal muscle, body wall.
Autonomic motor
motor signals will travel to mainly ventral body cavities
Somatic Sensory
same as somatic motor; skin, muscle, joints, hearing, equilibrium, vision.
Visceral Sensory
signals sent through ventral body cavity contents
Anatomy of Nervous System
Nerve Components
axon
endoneurium
fascicle
perineurium
epineurium
blood vessel
Glial Cells
PNS-Neuroglial cells
Satellite cells
Location: surrounding neuron cell bodies and ganglia. Function: Supportive to neuron cell bodies, regulates what goes in and out of neuron cell bodies.
CNS-Neuroglial Cells
Astrocytes
most abundant, processes contract other cells, holding onto axons and capillaries of neurons, supportive, help maintain a proper chemical environment
Microglia
phagocyte, destroys invading microbes and damaged or dying nervous tissue
Ependymal cells
located in ventricles in your brain, made of simple cuboidal columnar epithelium
Myelination
CNS myelination; Oligodendrocytes
Creation of myelin sheath
PNS- Schwann Cells
wraps one axon over and over again.
Neurons
Major components of a neuron
cell body
nucleus and nucleolus
chromatophilic sunstance
dentrites
axon hillock
axon
axon collaterals
terminal arborization
terminal boutons
Structural Types of Neurons
multipolar
bipolar
unipolar
Functional types of neurons
Motor- efferent neurons
sensory- afferent neurons
Interneurons- association neurons