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Complexities of Resistance (WHEN (In 1896, Italians invaded and lost 5,000…
Complexities of Resistance
WHO
African Tribal Empires
Fante
Formed an alliance with the British so that they could conquer the Asante Empire.
Asante
Had a large empire in Africa
Ethiopia
Melenik II
Formed an alliance with the French and beat Samory Toure in the Battle of Adwa in 1896
Mandinka Empire in West Africa
Samory Toure
Lost the Battle of Adwa in 1896 to Melenik II and his French allies
when French attacked his territory, trade routes, and gold fields, at the heart of his economy, he mounted a series of successful counterattacks
Invading Europeans
France
Aligned with Melenik II and defeated Samory Toure and his Italian alliance at the Battle of Adwa in 1896
Germany
England
Convinced the Fante to side with them and to fight against the Asante.
WHAT
Ethiopian Resistance
Battle of Adwa
Tricked two forces into fighting against one another
Were able to stall and stock up on equipment in order to form a substantial militia
Eventually attacked -- beat the Italians
Internal Conflict
Overcame the Europeans being the "greatest"
Africans fought amongst themselves in their own separate groups and tribes
Sometimes, even created alliances with the Europeans
They weren't concerned with the threat the Europeans posed, and instead focused more on fighting amongst themselves
Unification
The Battle of Adwa was a huge success for the Ethiopians and they take great pride over it
Islam became more common when Abd Al-Qadir led resistance against the French
The indigenous people of Africa saw each other as their greatest opponents and not the Europeans due to the lack unity and common ground
WHERE
Ethiopia
Italians supposed to conquer Ethiopia
Specifically North Ethiopia
WHEN
In 1896, Italians invaded and lost 5,000 troops
Ethiopia wins Battle of Adwa on March 2, 1896
In 1893 Ethiopia had bought a great deal of armory (rifles & cannons)
Menelik II ruled as the Emperor of Ethiopia from 1889 to 1913
Through 1895 and 1986 Menelik II convinced the Italians to fight on his terms
To remain independent from the Europeans, specifically Italy
To defeat General Oreste Baratieri's Italian army and its Eritrean allies
HOW
Menelik II played the Europeans against each other to buy more time.
Used that time to buy weapons and assemble a force
Refused to sign treaty with the Italians
realized that the Italian version said that Italy would take control of Ethiopia
Went to war with the Italians (Battle of Adwa)
Ethiopians defeated the Italians
Why
Scramble for Africa: 1881-1914