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Module 2 Chapter 4 (4.1 Acids, bases and neutralisation (General equations…

- - - - HCl- Hydrochloric acid
      - H2SO4- Sulfuric acid
      - HNO3- Nitric acid
      - CH3COOH- Ethanoic acid
  - - - Completely dissociates in aq solution
    - - Partially dissociates in aq solution
      - Equilibrium reaction so forward reaction incomplete
  - - - Products- salt and water
      - Ionic equation
        
        only shows ions involved in neutralisation
        
        eg. NaOH + HCl -> NaCl + H20 becomes H+ + OH- -> H2O
        
        Can only split aq solutions
    - - Products- salt, water and carbon dioxide
  - - - Hydrochloric acid
        
        Formula: HCl
        
        Type: chloride Cl-
      - Sulfuric acid
        
        Formula: H2SO4
        
        Type: Hydrogen Sulfate HSO4- OR Sulfate SO4-
      - Nitric acid
        
        Formula: HNO3
        
        Type: Nitrate NO3-
      - Ethanoic acid
        
        Formula: CH3COOH
        
        Type: Ethanoate CH3COO-
- - - - Find unknown conc.
      - Identify unknown chemical
      - Find purity of a substance
  - - - 10cm3- plus or minus 0.04cm3
      - 25cm3- plus or minus 0.06cm3
      - 50cm3- plus or minus 0.010cm3
      - Burette always to nearest 0.05cm3
  - - - 1) Amount of known
      - 2) Use balanced equation to calc. amount of unknown
      - 3) Calculate conc.
    - - Calculate amount of acid and use balanced equation
      - Calculate molar mass from amount and mass
- - - - Elements- 0
      - Compound
        
        O= -2
        
        H= +1
        
        F= -1
        
        Exception
        
        H in metal hydrides= -1
        
        O in peroxides= -1
        
        O bonded to F= +2
      - Ions
        
        Charge= oxidation state