Nervous system

senses

neurons

nervous system organization

anatomy of nervous system

types of receptors

eye component and visual pathway

based on origin

based on type

olfaction component and pathway

gustation components and pathway

Ear components and pathway

Central nervous system (CNS)

Peripheral nervous system (PNS)

structures- brain and spinal cord

functions- receive, process, and responds to sensory input

structures- cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia

functions- gathers sensory info from all receptors and passes it on to CNS

somatic division

autonomic division

nerve components

glial cells

major components

structural types

functional types

exteroceptors

interoceptors

origin is outer environment

skin special senses

internal organs

poprioceptors

origin is muscle and their tendons ligaments and joints

thermoreceptors

photoreceptor

chemoreceptor

nociceptor

mechanoreceptor

baroreceptor

sensitive to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch

sensitive to light / location=eye

sensitive to temp / location=skin

sensitive to chemicals / location=nose,tongue

sensitive to pain

sensitive to blood pressure / location= blood vessels, arteries

fibrous layer

vascular layer

sclera

cornea

choroid

white part of eye / Dense connective tissue

move eyeball around, gives shape, protective

transparent

allows light into eye, focuses light

nourishes other layers, pigment absorbs light and prevents scattering

continuous with ciliary body muscle

inner layer

retina

axons from photoreceptors- converge to form optic nerve

rods

cones

most abundant - sensitive to light & dark

give us color vision - work best in bright light

roof of nasal cavity- cribriform foramina, olfactory bulb

visual pathway=

cornea > lens > retina > optic nerve > optic chiasma > optic tract > midbrain > thalamus > primary visual cortex

other components

lens - focuses light on retina , Location= posterior to iris

iris - colored part of eye, for dilation or constriction of pupil

optic disc - blind spot

macula lutea - part of retina, clearest vision

fovea centrais -in ML, spot that gives clearest vision

pathway= nerves > bulbs > tract (primary olfaction cortex) > limbic region

taste buds location - tongue, inner cheek, pharynx (throat), palate, epiglottis

pathway

taste buds w/ receptor cells > 3 cranial nerves** > medullary oblongata, thalamus, primary gustation cortex

**3 cranial nerves

facial nerve (VII) - Glossopharyngeal (IX) - vagus (X)

outer ear

middle ear

pathway- Cochlear nerve > medulla oblongata > pons > midbrain > thalamus >primary aduitory cortex

auricle-pinna : gather, funnel sound waves

tympanic- vibrates, transmits vibrations

auditory ossicles- transmits vibrations to cochlea

ventral body cavity content - smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands

skin, body wall, skeletal muscles (everything except ventral body cavity content.

hearing equilibrium, vision

taste, olfaction

axon, myelin sheath, endoneurium, fascicle, perineurium, epineurium

astrocytes

microglia

ependymal cells

PNS- satellite cells

unipolar

multipolar

bipolar

cell body, nucleus, nucleolus, chromatophilic substance, dendrites, axon hillock, axon, axon collaterals, terminal arborization, terminal boutons (terminals)

1 process coming off of cell body

see most often, many processes coming off of cell body

two processes coming off of cell body

interneurons

motor/efferent neurons

sensory/afferent neurons

sends signals to CNS- unipolar

CNS only, between neurons, shorter, multipolar

signals travel away from CNS, multipolar

support neurons, maintain proper chemical environment ,most abundant, Located in CNS

Phagocytes, destroys invading microbes, Located in CNS

surround cell body in ganglia, supportive to cell bodies& regulate what goes in and out of cell bodies

in ventricles(filled with cerebrospinal fluid), cells help create the fluid, travels back into body, located in CNS

oligodendrocytes

Cretes myelin sheath

Schwann cells

creates myelin sheath in PNS