Nervous system
senses
neurons
nervous system organization
anatomy of nervous system
types of receptors
eye component and visual pathway
based on origin
based on type
olfaction component and pathway
gustation components and pathway
Ear components and pathway
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
structures- brain and spinal cord
functions- receive, process, and responds to sensory input
structures- cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia
functions- gathers sensory info from all receptors and passes it on to CNS
somatic division
autonomic division
nerve components
glial cells
major components
structural types
functional types
exteroceptors
interoceptors
origin is outer environment
skin special senses
internal organs
poprioceptors
origin is muscle and their tendons ligaments and joints
thermoreceptors
photoreceptor
chemoreceptor
nociceptor
mechanoreceptor
baroreceptor
sensitive to touch, pressure, vibration, stretch
sensitive to light / location=eye
sensitive to temp / location=skin
sensitive to chemicals / location=nose,tongue
sensitive to pain
sensitive to blood pressure / location= blood vessels, arteries
fibrous layer
vascular layer
sclera
cornea
choroid
white part of eye / Dense connective tissue
move eyeball around, gives shape, protective
transparent
allows light into eye, focuses light
nourishes other layers, pigment absorbs light and prevents scattering
continuous with ciliary body muscle
inner layer
retina
axons from photoreceptors- converge to form optic nerve
rods
cones
most abundant - sensitive to light & dark
give us color vision - work best in bright light
roof of nasal cavity- cribriform foramina, olfactory bulb
visual pathway=
cornea > lens > retina > optic nerve > optic chiasma > optic tract > midbrain > thalamus > primary visual cortex
other components
lens - focuses light on retina , Location= posterior to iris
iris - colored part of eye, for dilation or constriction of pupil
optic disc - blind spot
macula lutea - part of retina, clearest vision
fovea centrais -in ML, spot that gives clearest vision
pathway= nerves > bulbs > tract (primary olfaction cortex) > limbic region
taste buds location - tongue, inner cheek, pharynx (throat), palate, epiglottis
pathway
taste buds w/ receptor cells > 3 cranial nerves** > medullary oblongata, thalamus, primary gustation cortex
**3 cranial nerves
facial nerve (VII) - Glossopharyngeal (IX) - vagus (X)
outer ear
middle ear
pathway- Cochlear nerve > medulla oblongata > pons > midbrain > thalamus >primary aduitory cortex
auricle-pinna : gather, funnel sound waves
tympanic- vibrates, transmits vibrations
auditory ossicles- transmits vibrations to cochlea
ventral body cavity content - smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands
skin, body wall, skeletal muscles (everything except ventral body cavity content.
hearing equilibrium, vision
taste, olfaction
axon, myelin sheath, endoneurium, fascicle, perineurium, epineurium
astrocytes
microglia
ependymal cells
PNS- satellite cells
unipolar
multipolar
bipolar
cell body, nucleus, nucleolus, chromatophilic substance, dendrites, axon hillock, axon, axon collaterals, terminal arborization, terminal boutons (terminals)
1 process coming off of cell body
see most often, many processes coming off of cell body
two processes coming off of cell body
interneurons
motor/efferent neurons
sensory/afferent neurons
sends signals to CNS- unipolar
CNS only, between neurons, shorter, multipolar
signals travel away from CNS, multipolar
support neurons, maintain proper chemical environment ,most abundant, Located in CNS
Phagocytes, destroys invading microbes, Located in CNS
surround cell body in ganglia, supportive to cell bodies& regulate what goes in and out of cell bodies
in ventricles(filled with cerebrospinal fluid), cells help create the fluid, travels back into body, located in CNS
oligodendrocytes
Cretes myelin sheath
Schwann cells
creates myelin sheath in PNS