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STRUCTURE OF ORGANELLES OF CELL (RIBOSOMES (STRUCTURE, FUNCTION), VACUOLE…
STRUCTURE OF ORGANELLES OF CELL
RIBOSOMES
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
VACUOLE
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
MITOCHONDRIA
STRUCTURE
DOUBLE MEMBRANE
Controls the entry and exit of material. The inner of the 2 membranes is folded to form extensions known as cristae.
THE MATRIX
Makes up the remainder of the mitochondria. It contains protein, lipid, ribosomes and DNA that allows the mitochondria to control the production of some of their own proteins. Many enzymes involved in respiration are found in the matrix.
CRISTAE
These are extensions of the inner membrane, which in some species extend across the whole width of the mitochondrion. These provide a large surface area for the attachment of enzymes and other proteins involved in respiration.
FUNCTION
Mitochondria are the sites of the aerobic stages of respiration.
AEROBIC RESPIRATION
OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION PATHWAY
THE KREBS CYCLE
Responsible for the production of ATP (energy-carrier molecule), from respiratory substrates such as glucose. Because of this mitochondria are high in cells that have a high level of metabolic activity and therefore require a plentiful supply of ATP. Active transport requires a lot of ATP.
METABOLISM
Is all the chemical processes that take place in living organisms collectively.
GOLGI APPARATUS
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
CHLOROPLASTS
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
LYSOSOMES
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION
NUCLEUS
STRUCTURE
NUCLEOPLASM
Is the granular, jelly-like material that makes up the bulk of the nucleus.
CHROMOSOMES
They consist of protein-bound linear DNA.
NUCLEAR PORES
They allow the passage of large molecules, such as messager RNA (mRNA), out of the nucleus. There are typically about 3000 pores in each nucleus each 40-100nm in diameter.
THE NUCLEOLUS
Is a small spherical region within the nucleoplasm. It manufactures ribosomal RNA and assembles the ribosomes. There may be more than one nucleolus in a nucleus.
THE NUCLEAR ENVELOPE
Is a double membrane that surrounds the nucleus. Its outer membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and often has ribosomes on its surface. It controls the entry and exit of materials in and out of the nucleus and contains the reactions taking place within it.
FUNCTION
Retain the genetic material of the cell in the form of DNA and chromosomes
Act as the control centre of the cell through the production of mRNA and tRNA and hence protein synthesis
mRNA and tRNA
What is it and why is it made and how?
Manufacture ribosomal RNA and ribosomes
How?
CELL WALL
STRUCTURE
FUNCTION