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Marine Sediments (Hydrogenous Sediments: Formed when changes ocean water…
Marine Sediments
Hydrogenous Sediments: Formed when changes ocean water conditions cause dissolved materials to precipitate (come out of solution), changes in temperature, pressure, an addition of chemically active fluids, EX. MANGANESE NODULES, EVAPORITES
Manganese Nodules: Manganese nodules: hard lumps 5-20cm in diameter, form on abyssal plains
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Evaporites: form wherever there are high evaporation rates combined with restricted ocean circulation
Lithogenous Sediments: sediment derived from preexisting rock material that originates on land from erosion, volcanic eruptions, or blown dust
Origins: starts on land, rocks that are broken up and decomposed through weathering, they are picked up and transported to the ocean
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Volcanic Eruptions hurl ash into the atmosphere that is carried to the ocean, defined by jagged and irregular pieces
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Texture
Grain Size
Larger grains are harder to move, deposited where energy is high, EX. BEACH
Smaller grains will transport further, deposited in low-energy environments, EX. DEEP OCEAN
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Rounding: the farther the grain travels, the rounder it gets
Biogenous Sediments: hard parts of dead animals that settle to the seafloor, can see with the naked eye, EX. BONES, TEETH, SHELLS
Macroscopic Sediments: skeletons of marine vertebrate, EX. WHALES, DOLPHINS, CLAM, FISH, SNAIL SHELLS
Microscopic Sediments: animals secrete tiny shells called tests, when they die these tests sink to the floor in a continuous "snowfall" of biogenous ooze
Silicious Ooze: in the pelagic zone, found in cold water with high biological activity, more than 30% silica
Calcareous Ooze: found in the open ocean at depths above 4500m below sea level (Carbonate Compensation Depth aka CCD)
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Cosmogenous Sediments: extraterrestrial space dust, come from asteroid collisions, constantly settling on earth