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Isolation and Loneliness Mindmap - Laurence Miller (social ties (Norms…
Isolation and Loneliness Mindmap - Laurence Miller
Loneliness
Statistically associated with several demographic variables, including rural living, older age, living alone or in residential care, widowhood, low level of education, and low income.
Quality of social interactions important in definition of loneliness.
Risk of depression
Depression can increase risk of functional decline, possibly leading to further isolation.
Depression can increase mortality rate by 24%.
Social isolation can have as large an effect on mortality risk as smoking, obesity, sedentary lifestyle and high blood pressure
socially isolate men had 90% increased risk of cardiovascular death and more than double the risk of death from an accident or suicide. double the risk of non-fatal stroke.
Definition.
Lack of contact with others.
Perceived isolation is defined as the subjective experience of lack of companionship and support.
More person-person contact to reduce effect of loneliness/isolation?
Pets.
Interventions should consider both loneliness and isolation
Social skills training
29% increased risk of coronary heart disease and 32% increase in stroke risk. Singer, Clifford, MD, Health Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness. Journal of Aging Life Care, 2018.
Increased sympathetic nervous system activity, increased inflammation, and decreased sleep. (Cacioppo, et al., 2011).
Intervention - Once-a-week mobile pet visits for the elderly and immobile who live alone.
Dysregulated blood pressure and cortisol responses to acute stress in people (238 middle-aged men and women) with few close friends.
Grant N, Hamer M and Steptoe A, Social isolation and stress-related cardiovascular, lipid ad cortisol responses. Ann Behav
Med 2009; 37:29-37
Intervention - Social skills training to increase opportunities for relationships that are meaningful and can provide coping resources.
social ties
Primary
Secondary
Norms
Commitment guide behavior
Comparisons with others guide behaviors
Self-esteem
Sense of mattering to others
Global sense of control
Associated with lower anxiety and depression
Belonging/Companionship
Associated with lower anxiety, depression, poor health habits, ill health
emotional, informational, and instrumental support
Social ties may affect health outcomes through stress coping
Increased risk for dementia.
Cacioppo JT and Hawkley LC. Perceived social isolation and cognition. Trends Cognitive Sci. 2009; 13:10:447-54.
Increased sympathetic nervous system activity, increased inflammation, and decreased sleep. (Cacioppo, et al., 2011).
Intervention - Neighborhood block parties with focus on the elderly to increase social ties conducive to added coping resources.