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Nervous system (Senses (Receptors based on stimulus type …
Nervous system
Senses
Receptors based on stimulus origin
Exteroreceptors
Our environment, our skin, special senses, our surfaces
Proprioceptors
Muscles+tendons, ligaments+joints
Interoceptors
Internal organs, sends signal inside
Receptors based on stimulus type
Thermoreceptor
Cold and warm receptors, inside/outside body
Photoreceptor
Light, eyes
Chemoreceptor
Chemicals in our blood, smell and taste
Nociceptor
Pain, sense dangerous things
Baroreceptor
Sensitive to blood pressure, specifically those carrying blood away from the heart
General sense receptors
Throughout body, widely spread, skin and internal organs
Special senses
Located in head region, sight, hearing, taste, olfaction, equilibrium
Eye components and pathway
Components
Iris, lens, cilliary body, pupil, cornea, sclear, retina, optic disc, optic nerve, choroid, macula lutea, fovea centralis
Pathway
Light passes through the cornea-lens-retina-optic nerve-optic chiasm-optic tract-mid brain-thalamus-primary visual cortex
Olfaction components and pathway
Components
Olfactory sensory neurons, olfactory bulb, olfactory tract
Pathway
Olfactory sensory neurons-olfactory bulb-olfactory tract than goes to two regions- limbic region and primary olfactory cortex
Gustation components and pathway
Components
Tongue, inner cheeks, pharynx, palate, epiglottis
Pathway
Taste buds-3 cranial nerves-medulla oblongata-thalamus-primary gustatory cortex
Eat components and pathway
Components
External ear, external auditory canal, tympanic membrane, cochlea, vestibule, auditory ossicles
Pathway
External ear-tympanic membrane transmits to middle of the ear- auditory ossicles transmits vibrations to inner ear (cochlea)- cochlea- cochlear nerve to transmit a signal- medulla oblongata- mid brain-thalamus-primary auditory cortex
Nervous system organization
Structures/Functions of CNS
Brain and spinal cord. Receiving,process, respond to sensory input
Structures/Functions of PNS
Cranial nerves, spinal nerves, ganglia. Gather sensory information from receptors and passes it alongVentral body cavity contents, all your big organs – smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, sweat glands, goosebumps muscle, smooth muscle of blood vessels
Somatic division
Somatic motor
Travels away from skin, body wall, and skeletal muscles in ventral body cavity contents
Somatic sensory
Travels toward CNS, skin, skeletal muscles, touch, pain, pressure, vibrations, temperature, photoreceptors, heading, vision, equilibrium
Autonomic division
Autonomic motor
Travels mainly to Ventral body cavity contents, all your big organs – smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, sweat glands, goosebumps muscle, smooth muscle of blood vessels
Autonomic (visceral) sensory
Travels towards CNS mainly from ventral body contents- stretch, pain, chemical changes, taste, smell
Neurons
Components
Cell body, nucleus, nucleolus, chromatophilic substance, dendrites, axon hillock, axon, axon collaterals, terminal absorization, terminal boutons
Structural types of neurons
Multipolar
See most often, many processes coming off cell body
Bipolar
Two processes coming off cell body
Unipolar
1 process coming off cell body
Functional types of neurons
Motor/efferent neurons
Signals travel away from CNS, multipolar
Sensory/afferent neurons
Sends signals to CNS, unipolar
Interneurons
CNS only, between neurons, shorter, multipolar
Anatomy of the nervous system
Nerve components
Axons, insulation coating, endoneurium, bundle of axons, wrap bundles with perineuriousm (fibrous connective tissue), epineurioum surround fascicles (tough fibrous connective tissue)
Glial cells
Astrocytes
Support neurons, maintain proper chemical environment, most abundant. Located in CNS
Microglia
Phagocytes, destroys invading microbes. Located in CNS
Satellite cells
Surround neuron cell bodies in ganglia, supportive to cell bodies and regulates what goes in and out of cell bodies. Located in PNS
Ependymal cells
In ventricles(space filled with cerebrospinal fluid), cells help create the fluid, it travels back into the body. Located in CNS
Oligodendrocytes
Creates myelin sheath in the CNS
Schwann cells
Creates myelin sheath in the PNS