Please enable JavaScript.
Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.
Nervous system (Sense (receptors based on stimulus type (mechanoreceptors…
Nervous system
Sense
receptors based on stimulus origin
interoceptors ( sense stimuli in internal organs)
blood pressure
proprioceptors ( sense position and movement of body parts)
muscles joints tendons ligaments
Exteroceptors (sense stimuli from external body)
vision, sound, touch, smell, temperature, pain
receptors based on stimulus type
photoreceptors(stimulated by light energy)
eye
chemoreceptors(stimulated chemical concentration changes)eg taste or odor
chemical in air, saliva, in blood ions such as Na+
Nociceptors/pain (stimulated by tissue damage/danger)
Pain
Thermoreceptors( stimulated by tissue damage)
cold or hot
mechanoreceptors (stimulated by changes in pressure or movement)
touch pressure vibration stretch
Baroreceptors (measures pressure)
eye components and visual pathway
eye components
vascular layer
Choroid: . nourishes eye, absorb light and prevent scattering
Inner layer
retina a photorecepter, axons converge to form optic nerve
Fibrous layer
Sclera: white of your eye for protection
Cornea: clear allow light into the eye
visual pathway
Cornea to lens via pupil, then to retina via posterior vitreous humor. Cornea and lens are responsible for refracting light rays.
Then to nerve impulses that undergo contralateral and ipsilateral pathway
optic nerve
optic chiasma
optic tract( contain axon neurons)
mid brain
1 more item...
olfaction components and pathway
located at the roof of the nasal cavity, and are involved in sense of smell
From the olfactory receptor
olfactory sensory neuron within the olfactory bulb
olfactory tract
Limbic system for emotions
primary olfactory cortex in temporal lobe
gustation components and pathway
Taste receptor cells
3 cranial nerves-Facial nerve vii, glossopharyngeal nerve ix, and vagus nerve x
converge at synapses of medulla oblongata
pons
mid brain
thalamus
Gustatory cortex in the insular
ear components and pathway
Auricle: gather sound waves
external acoustic meatus
tympanic membrane
auditory ossicles
cochlea
vestibular nerve
Vestibular-cochlear nerve in the internal acoustic meatus
2 more items...
cochlea nerve
Nervous system organization
somatic division
somatic nervous system: voluntary action
somatic motor: output to skeletal muscles
sensory somatic
general eg touch and pain
special eg hearing and vision
autonomic division
autonomic nervous system: involuntary action - mainly contents of ventral body cavity
visceral motor: motor innervation to smooth muscles, cardiac muscle and glands
visceral sensory
general eg stretch and pain
special eg taste and smell
PNS main structures and functions
sensory division: afferent - picks up sensory stimuli eg skeletal muscles
motor Division: efferent - sends direction from CNS to muscles and glands
somatic nervous system: voluntary action
autonomic nervous system: involuntary action
sympathetic division; during fight - flight
parasympathetic division: during rest/ relaxation
Main structures: cranial nerves, spinal nerve, and ganglia
functions: sensitive to stimuli and sends information towards the CNS
CNS main structures and functions
brain and spinal cord
Receives, integrates, and responds to sensory input signals
Neurons
structural types of neurons
bipolar eg in retina
multipolar eg grey matter of spinal cord eg in motor neurons and interneurons
unipolar( pseudounipolar) eg sensory neuron
functional types of neurons.
Sensory neurons/ afferent
Are unipolar: detect stimuli (light, heat) and transmit stimulus to the CNS.
Interneurons
Are multipolar: receive signals from incoming sensory neurons, interpret them and stimulate outgoing motor neurons; 99 98% of all neurons are these.
Motor neurons/ efferent
Are multipolar: transfer nerve impulses from the central nervous system to the PNS
major components of a neuron
axon
axon hillock
dendrites
chromatophilic substance (nissle body)
nucleus and nucleolus
cell body(soma)
axon collaterals
terminal arborization
axon terminals( terminal boutons)
Anatomy of nervous system
glial cells, location and brief description
In the CNS
Microglia
clean up cellular debris via phagocytosis
Ependymal
lining space filled with cerebral spinal fluid has cilia that keeps cerebral spinal fluid moving.
Astrocytes
support and repair neurons; form the brain-blood barrier within the CNS.
Oligodendrocytes (myelinated)
wraps plasma membrane of axon around one portion of several axons
In the PNS
Satellite
supports neurons regulates ions in and out of the cells
Schwann Cells (myelinated)
wraps plasma membrane of axon around one portion of one axons
nerve components
consist of motor and sensory neuron, and connective tissue wrappings
perineurium
epineurium
endoneurium
blood vessels
myelin sheath
fascicle
axon