天使轮:创业时周围的人投资,风险很大,但回报也很好

❓指定网点是指什么?应该不是证券交易所(肯定不是交易所),也不是基金公司或代理机构吧?

从基金的购买人那里买入卖出是指在交易所里进行吗?是不是也可以私下进行

❓Mutual Fund Company和Individual/ Custodian Bank/ Investment Manager有什么关系

🍞Workflow of FMCs

Expense – load, no-load, 12b -1 fees
Expense Ratio
A measure of the fund's total annual expenses expressed as a percentage of the fund's net assets.
Turnover Ratio
The percentage of a mutual fund or other investment vehicle's holdings that have been "turned over" or replaced with other holdings in a given year. The type of mutual fund, its investment objective and/or the portfolio manager's investing style will play an important role in determining its turnover ratio.

A financial statement that summarizes a company's assets, liabilities and shareholders' equity at a specific point in time. These three balance sheet segments give investors an idea as to what the company owns and owes, as well as the amount invested by the shareholders.The balance sheet must follow the following formula: Assets = Liabilities + Shareholders' Equity
Three sheet: Balance sheet; Income statement; Cash flow Statement

all things a company has = borrowed money + money from shareholders

🍦balance sheet example

🍦income statement example

One of the quarterly financial reports any publicly traded company is required to disclose to the SEC and the public. The document provides aggregate data regarding all cash inflows a company receives from both its ongoing operations and external investment sources, as well as all cash outflows that pay for business activities and investments during a given quarter

financial report summarizing revenues and expenses and showing the net profit or loss in a specified accounting period. It’s the financial performance due to operations as well as other activities rendering gains or losses of a business entity. Also known as the "profit and loss statement" or "statement of revenue and expense".
It displays how well the company can assure success for both itself and its shareholders through the earnings from operations.

The percentage of net earnings not paid out as dividends, but retained by the company to be reinvested in its core business or to pay debt. It is recorded under shareholders' equity on the balance sheet.

Calculated by adding net income to (or subtracting any net losses from) beginning retained earnings and subtracting any dividends paid to shareholders:

🍦A valuation ratio of a company's current share price compared to its per-share earnings.
For example, if a company is currently trading at $43 a share and earnings over the last 12 months were $1.95 per share, the P/E ratio for the stock would be 22.05 ($43/$1.95).

向投资者以及社会公众提供基金相关资料与数据的服务机构，其中的研究部门出具的基金排行榜和业绩评级是其主要产品

Discounting calculate the PV to the beginning of the investment period.
Compounding calculate the FV to the end of period.

The Morningstar system relies on a single metric: a calculation of risk-adjusted return.
Also adjusted with investor utility functions, taxes

Mutual funds are evaluated against a peer group
Classification is the base of ratings:
Equity, bond, balance, money market, principle preservation

is an investment position intended to offset potential losses/gains that may be incurred by a companion investment
Corporate/Banks, Financial Institutions to manage ALM and to hedge their proprietary positions/ Trade Business – Exporters and Importers

A contract for future delivery of a specific currency in exchange for another, in which the holder of the option has the right to buy (or sell) the currency at an agreed price, the strike price, or exercise price, but is not required to do so.

The option seller receives the option premium and is obliged to ensure the delivery

Is a financial contract between two parties exchanging or swapping a stream of interest payments for notional principal amount on multiple occasions during a specified period.

💲透过套期保值（Hedging）避免损失,get a maximum rate of return, using strategies involving options, short selling, and leverage

❌evaluating potential returns among different investments

net income divided by outstanding shares, and it measures a company’s profitability

✏EPS = 盈余 / 总股本 或者 EPS = 期末净利润 / 期末总股本

是指货币、外汇、债务性金融商品和所有权性金融商品等金融资产，以及这些金融资产价格的总称

A Stop Limit order becomes a limit order once the specified stop price is attained or penetrated.
A STOP-LIMIT order eliminates the risk of a stop order where the investor is not guaranteed an execution price, but exposes the investor to the risk that the order may never be filled even though the stop price has been reached. The investor could "miss the market" in the security or commodity altogether.

设定价格 => 市场价格达到 => 市价指令

🔗Hedge Mindmap

🔗保证金MindMap

different fees & expenses

资本市场是指证券融资和经营一年以上中长期资金惜贷的金融市场，包括股票市场、债券市场、基金市场和中长期信贷市场等，其融通的资金主要作为扩大再生产的资本使用，因此称为资本市场。作为资本市场重要组成部分的证券市场，具有通过发行股票和债券的形式吸收中长期资金的巨大能力，公开发行的股票和债券还可在二级市场自由买卖和流通，有着很强的灵活性。

　　货币市场是经营一年以内短期资金融通的金融市场，包括同业拆借市场、票据贴现市场、回购市场和短期信贷市场等。

循环作业

由于全球各金融中心的地理位置不同，亚洲市场、欧洲市场、美洲市场因时间差的关系，连成了一个全天24小时连续作业的全球外汇市场。早上8时半（以纽约时间为准）纽约市场开市，9时半芝加哥市场开市，10时半旧金山开市，18时半悉尼开市，19时半东京开市，20时半香港、新加坡开市，凌晨2时半法兰克福开市，3时半伦敦市场开市。如此24小时不间断运行，外汇市场成为一个不分昼夜的市场，只有星期六、星期日以及各国的重大节日，外汇市场才会关闭。这种连续作业，为投资者提供了没有时间和空间障碍的理想投资场所，投资者可以寻找最佳时机进行交易。比如，投资者若在上午纽约市场上买进日元，晚间香港市场开市后日元上扬，投资者在香港市场卖出，不管投资者本人在哪里，他都可以参与任何市场，任何时间的买卖。因此，外汇市场可以说是一个没有时间和空间障碍的市场。