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Acids and bases Bronsted-lowry (AMPHIPROTIC (A substance that can act as…
Acids and bases
Bronsted-lowry
ACID
An acid is a proton donor
weak acid is a poor proton donor
strong acid is a good proton donor
BASE
A base is a proton acceptor
A strong base is a good proton acceptor
A weak base is a poor proton acceptor
AMPHIPROTIC
A substance that can act as either an acid or a base
Amphi- both sides
Protic- protons
Can donate or accept protons
Do not involve water as the solvent
Comparison of A and B-L
B-L theory is not limited to reactions in water
Arrhenius is limited to bases that produce hydroxide ions
No oxygen in NH3 impossibele for it to produce OH- ions
Arrhenius theory does not take the existence
of hydronium ions into account but the B-L theory does
Arrhenius theory cannot explain amphiprotic substances
but the B-L theory explains this in terms of proton transfer
CONJUGATE BASE
An acid changes into its conjugate base when it donates a proton
CONJUGATE ACID
A base changes into its conjugate acid when it accepts a proton
CONJUGATE PAIR
A conjugate acid-base pair is any pair consisting of an acid or a base that differ by one proton
NEUTRALISATION
When acids and bases react with each other in the right proportions they cancel each other out
HCI+NaOH--->NaCI+H20
Reaction between an acid and a base to form a salt and water
The substance formed when the hydrogen ion from an acid is replaced by a metal or an ammonium ion-Salt
EXAMPLES-MEDICINE
Sometimes the stomach produces too much HCI
An antacid can be taken to neutralise the excess acid e.g milk of magnesia
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
In areas that suffer from acid rain limestone is often added to lakes to neutralise the acidity
H2SO4+CaCO3--->CaSO4+H2O+CO2
Toothpaste is slightly basic to neutralise the acids in the foods that cause tooth decay