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Environmental cycles (Water cycles (The process which water circulates…

- - - - Earth’s surface H2O- rivers, lakes, and oceans.
        
        Evaporation- liquid-gas.
        
        Around us, you can’t see water vapor.
        
        Clouds are made by cooling down gaseous H2O.
        
        They make rain by collecting big drops that are enough.
        
        It depends on precipitation and temperature (snow,sleet,hail,etc.).
        
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- - - - C- nonliving matter too.{ rocks, soil that dissolved in seawater, inside the earth’s mantle and the air. (CO2)}
        
        When animals breathe, CO2 adds up.
        
        Photosynthesis→ plants soaking up CO2. (stores C in cells).
        
        Carbon sinks- plants and trees.
        
        Carbon out of the atmosphere> add to it.
        
        Oceans are carbon sinks too due to marine life.
        
        Soaks up CO2>they release
        
        C- enters earth’s crust when animals die.
        
        Millions of years- C locked by earth’s crust- returning some atmosphere→ volcanic eruptions.
        
        Normal→ C cycle in a steady lvl (CO2).
        
        Every year- more CO2 due to human activities
        
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- - - - A lot of phosphorus are not available to plants due to sediments and rocks.
        
        That's the reason why fertilisers are on farmlands.
        
        Eating plants or plant eating animals can absorb phosphates which they do help.
        
        An essential nutrient is called phosphorus which are for plants and animals
        
        It does play in a critical role which is in to store energy, and DNA and lipids such as fat and oil.
        
        It can decrease crop yield due to phosphorus being insufficient.
        
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- - - - Nitrogen- atmos- molecular form (N2)-bio. Process
        
        There are several stages in the N cycle.
        
        Assimilation
        
        There are many compounds in different forms for Nitrogen, they are nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, and ammonium that are taken by plants from soils-> formation of plant and animal proteins.
        
        Ammonification
        
        Decomposers- decomposes materials- when animals or plants die.
        
        Other bio. processes are available when decomposers are producing ammonia.
        
        Nitrification
        
        Some plants .can be used back by ammonia, ammonia can be covered in bacteria- can be very toxic to organisms- nitrite (NO2-)-> nitrate (NO3-).
        
        Denitrification
        
        produces molecular nitrogen (N2) while nitrate reducts. Occurs in soils that are wet.
        
        Nitrate- gas. Nitrogen (N2)
        
        Cause of H2O- getting oxygen for microorganisms.
        
        Denitrifying bacteria- organisms that are certain- gains oxygen by nitrate, as a byproduct, it is leaving free N gas.
        
        N fixation
        
        atmospheric N- must be converted to either organic of fixed.
        
        Sequence- Nitrogen is mainly deposit- precipitation- there are 2 nitrogen atoms splitting and mixing with H- ammonia (NH4+) - microorganisms- related to anaerobic bacteria, plants, and algae- 3 categories.- Alfalfa and beans are examples of crops-> N depletion in soils-> Nitrogenase- enzyme-> to separate atmospheric N molecules-> individual atoms to other combinations.
        
        Fixing a small amount of Nitrogen that is on high energy can be converted to ammonia (NH4+) and nitrates (NO3-) .
        
        They can create ammonia and N rich fertilizers by Nitrogen going to these processes (fixed)