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Religion, Renewal and Choice (Postmodern religion (globalisation, media…

- - - - top down communication
      - religious leaders use the internet to preach to followers
      - no interaction
      - similar to old hierarchy of religion
    - - 'cyber religion'
      - may have no existence outside the internet
      - no hierarchy
      - people provide each other with mutual shared interest
- - - - if people are not willing to put time into going to church general beliefs are declining
      - when people no longer believe they no longer wish to belong
    - - evidence shows both believing and church attendance are declining
      - don't accept Davies claim about more believing with out belonging
- - - - external power
      - cannot get consensus about beliefs
      - cannot persuade others of the truth
- - - - alternative to secularisation
      - cycle of some religions declining and some growing
      - when established churches decline it leaves a gap for new sects
    - - competition between churches leads to improvements in quality of religious goods on offer to attract more followers
      - churches that are non responsive to members will die off
  - - - Hadden and Shupe: growth of televangelism in the US shows that religious participation is supply led: opened up competition in evangelical churches thrived
      - Finke: lifting on asian immigration restrictions into the US allowed asian religions to set up in the US joining the religious market
    - - Bruce: rejects the view that diversity and competition increase demand for religion
      - Bruce: argues that stark and Bainbridge misinterpret secularisation theory. does not claim secularisation is universal or that there was a golden age
      - Norris and Inglehart: countries with catholic churches near monopoly have high levels of religious participation (Ireland for example) :red_cross: to stark and bainbridge
      - Beckford: :red_cross: to market theory because it assumes people are naturally religious :forbidden: explain choices they make
- - - - they do not expect religion to disappear completely
      - although state takes over religions need for security religion is needed to answer the big question
  - - - :check: norris and inglehart offer explanation for different levels of religion
      - makes two criticisms though
        
        1) only use quantitative data about income levels and not peoples own definition of security
        
        2) they only see religion as a negative response to deprivation and not why rich people may enjoy it
- - - - 1) shift from obligation to self care
      - 2) hence traditional churches are declining because they require obeying and duty
      - 3) evangelical more successful because although they demand duty they also focus on the inner self