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Ideology (The ideology of nationalism (Marxism : False Consciousness…
Ideology
The ideology of nationalism
Marxism : False Consciousness
divide international w/c
encourages workers to believe they have more in common w the capitalists of their own country
fight wars on their behalf
Functionalism: Civil Religion
integrates individuals into larger social and political units by making them feel part of something greater than themselves
unwilling to believe in the supernatural
religion is a source of division due to diversity
education creates social solidarity
collective rituals:
flag
national anthem
nation's history
Gellner: Modernity
false consiousness: claim that nations have existed since time immemorial is false
mass education system imposes a single standard,national culture and language on every member of society.
regards all citizens as equal and this makes economic and social cooperation between them eaier.
elites use it as an ideology to motivate the population to endure the hardships and suffering that accompany the 1st phase of industrialisation
enables state to modernise
Mannheim: Ideology and Utopia
Free floating intelligentsia
Solution is to detach intellectuals from their social group
Create a non-aligned free floating intelligentsia standing above conflict able to synthesise elements of the different partial ideologies arriving to a total worldview best representing society
sees all belief systems as a partial/one-sided worldview
Results from one particular group or class' interests
Two types of belief systems / worldviews
Ideological thought : justifies keeping things as they are, reflecting position and interests of privileged groups ie. capitalist class. These benefit from maintaining the status quo and tend to be conservative
Utopian thought : justifies social change, reflects positions and interests of underprivileged and offers a vision of how society could be differently organised
Marxism and Ideology
Gramsci: Hegemony and Revolution
Dual Consciousness
Overthrow capitalism
Abercrombie: unemployment
Feminism and ideology
Gender inequality = fundamental division in society and patriarchal ideology legitimates it
Marks 1979
science has been used to justify excluding women from education - 19th century quotes saying it would disqualify women from their true vocation
Many religious institutions also have patriarchal ideologies that define women as inferior