Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Language (The Nature of Language (Language is Ruled Governed (Semantic…

- - - - subject to individual will or judgment without restriction
    - - Sign language
  - - - Governs how words sound when pronounced
      - The same words have different means
        
        "A farmer can produce produce"
    - - The structure of words, the way words are arranged
    - - deals with the meaning of specific words
      - helps us decide that "bikes are for riding, books are for reading"
      - Misunderstandings happen when words have more than one meaning
    - - Govern how people use language in everyday interaction
- - - - Sex roles
        
        Masculine
        
        feminine
        
        androgynous
        
        Both
- - - - Equivocal words have more than one correct dictionary definition
      - Words can have different meanings in different cultures
    - - "I'll call you soon"
      - Using relative words without explaining them can lead to communication problems
    - - Slang is a language used by a group of people whose members belong to a similar coculture or other group
      - Regionalism
        
        Terms that are understood by the people who live in one geographic area
      - Can be age related
      - Jargon
        
        The specialized vocabulary that functions as a kind of shorthand for people with commone backgrounds and experiences
        
        Misunderstandings happen when people use jargons with people who don't understand the jargon
    - - Abstract language
        
        speech that refers to events or objects only vaguely
        
        Allows us to avoid confrontation by being unclear
        
        Can cause problems like stereotyping
  - - - Inferential staements
        
        Conclusions arrived at from an interpretation of evidence
    - - Contains words that sound as if theyre describing something when they are really announcing the speakers attitude towards something
      - Always opinions
- - - - Names that are easy to pronouce are more favoritable
      - Names are a way to shape and reinforce a childs identity
      - Names are a powerful way to make a statement about culture identity
      - Employer rate people with more common names higher than people with unique names
      - Names shape the way other people see you, the way we see ourselves and the way we act
    - - Speech style influences perception
      - professors rated a paper with longer more complicated words and sentences higher than a paper with more readable content
    - - The power of speech influences status
      - Speakers of standard dialect are rated higher than nonstandard speakers
        
        They are viewed as more competent and more self confident
        
        The content of their message is rated more favorable
    - - Names have been used throughout history to stigmatize groups that other groups have disapproved of
      - Nazi Germany
      - Militery calling asians "Gooks"
    - - Power
        
        Powerless language
        
        Hedges
        
        "I guess I'd like to..."
        
        Hesitations
        
        "Well we could try this idea..."
        
        Intensifers
        
        "So thats how I feel..."
        
        Polite Forms
        
        "Excuse me. sir..."
        
        Tag Questions
        
        "Don't you think we should give it another try"
        
        Disclaimers
        
        "I probably shouldn't say this but..."
        
        coercive
        
        relating to or using force or threats
        
        Linguistic relativism
        
        The notion that the worldview of a culture is shaped and reflected by the language its members speak
      - Affiliation
        
        Communicators who want to show affiliation with one another adapt their speech
        
        Choice of vocabulary
        
        Rate of talking
        
        Number and placement of pauses
        
        Level of politeness
        
        Convergence
        
        Online + face to face
        
        increase in use of "We"
        
        When two or more people feel equally positive about one another, their linguistic convergence will be mutral
        
        Disvergence
        
        Speaking in a way that emphasizes their difference from others
        
        Linguistic intergroup bias
        
        Reflects wheather or not we regard others as part of our in-group
        
        describe in-group positively and out-group negatively
      - Attraction and interest
        
        The language we use can suggest our degree of interest and attraction towards a person, object, or idea