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olarewadjouogundelenervoussystem (nervous system organisation (Central…
olarewadjouogundelenervoussystem
nervous system organisation
Central Nervous System
Structure
1- Brain, 2- Spinal Cord
Function*
receive , process , and respond to incoming signals
Peripheral Nervous System
structure
1-cranium nerve , 2 -spinal nerves
function
: sensitive to stimuli, and send information toward the Central nervous System
Somatic division
somatic
motor : 1-output the skeletal muscles, 2- Somatic visceral : mainly to the content of the ventral body cavity
automatic divisions
: from the ventral body cavity
anatomy of nervous system
nerve components
1- Astrocytes, 2- microglia, 3- ependymal cell, 4-satellite cells ,5-
Glial cells
it located in the Central Nervous System . it support the neurons, helps the to maintain appropriate chemical environment.
senses
3 types of receptors based on the stimulus origins
extoroceptors
the stimulus original from the environment
interoceptors
the stimulus original form the internal organs
prorioceptors
the stimulus original from the muscles
6 types of receptors based on specific stimulus
Thermoreceptor
cold- heat
Photoreceptor
light sensitive
chemoreceptors
chemical, air, saliva, hydrogen, oxygen , calcium, potassium
Mechanoceptor
touch , pressure, vibration
Baroceptors
measure blood pressure
nociceptor
pain
special senses
vision
eyes components and visual pathway
*components
fibrous layer
:
Sclera
which is composed with dense connective tissu . it protects another muscle .
cornea
: allows the light into the eyes
vascular layer
:
choroid
, which nourrishes others layers , and prevent the scattering
inner layer
:
retina
, whcih is a photoreceptor axon converge to form optic nerf
pathway
1- trace the path of the light as it passes trough the eyes to the retina 2- trace the path of the nerve impulses from the retina to the optic nerve,optic chiasm and optic to the brain
gustation
components
1- epiglottis, 2- palatine tonsil, 3- lingual tonsil,3-foliate papillae
*pathway
: trace path of the nerve impulse form the gustatory receptor to the brain
hearing
components
: 1-
c
ochlea, 2-
T
ymparic menbrane, 3-
A
uditory ossicles
pathway
:trace the path of the nerve impulse fro the spiral organ to the cochlea branch of the vestibuloocochlear nerve
olfaction
components *
1- olfactory hole , 2- bulbs
pathway
trace the path of the nerve impulse from the olfactory receptor to he olfactory nerves,olfactory bulb and olfactory tract to the brain
neurons
Major components
1- cell body, 2-dendrites, 3 axon hillock, 4 axon, 5- nucleolus, 6- nucleus, 7- Chromatophilic substance, 7- axon terminals, 8- axon collaterals,, 8- terminal arborization
type of neurons
( 3 )
unipolar neurons
function
it processes from the cell body located in peripheral nervous system in the ganglia
bipolar neurons
Functions
: it processes in the cell body of he special senses
multipolar neurons
function
: it processes from the cell body in the central nervous system to peripheral nervous system , and travel to muscles and glands