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Pre-Final Topics (Human Growth and Development ((Genetic Disorders (Cystic…
Pre-Final Topics
Motivational and Emotion
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Theories of Emotion
James-Lange theory - states that a stimulus creates a physiological response that then leads to the labeling of the emotion
The Cannon-Bard theory - states that emotions are felt first given a specific stimulus followed by a physiological change
The Lazarus theory - states that a person decides what to feel depending on how he interprets an instigating stimulus or event
Approaches to Motivation
Instict approach - proposes that some human actions may be motivated by instincts, which are innate patterns of behavior found in both people and animals.
Drive-Reduction approach - states that when an organism has a need (such as hunger), the need leads to psychological tension that motivates the organism to act, fulfilling the need and reducing the tension
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Incentive approach - an external stimulus may be so rewarding that it motivates a person to act toward that stimulus rather than another stimulus or to satisfy a drive.
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Eating Disorders
Anorexia nervosa - is a condition in which a person reduces eating to a point that a weight loss of 15 percent below the ideal body weight or more occurs.
Bulimia nervosa - on the other hand, is a condition in which a person develops a cycle of "bringing" or overeating enormous amount of food at one witting, and "purging" or deliberately vomiting after eating.
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Personality
Psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud - three (3) levels of awareness or divisions of the mind namely conscious, preconscious and unconscious, there are three (3) parts of personality called as id, ego, and superego
Carl Gustav Jung's Psychoanalytic Perspective - four (4) major archetypes - the self, the shadow, the anima or animus, and the persona
Birth order Theory - Psychiatrist Alfred Adler proposed feelings of inferiority as the driving force behind personality and developed the birth order theory
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Social Cognitive Perspective - cognitive processes, observational learning, self-efficacy, and situational influences.
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