Please enable JavaScript.

Coggle requires JavaScript to display documents.

Task 3 (Geurts and Sonnentag (2006) (Main physiological explanations for…

- - - - Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)
      - Sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM)
      - Incomplete recovery as an explanatory mechanism underlying the relationship between acute physiological stress reactions and chronic health impairment
  - - - Un-recovered worker, still in subotpimal state must invest compensatory effort to perform at work. This effort shows on increased intensity of load reactions and initiates even higher demand on the subsequent recovery process
  - - - this system is responsible for protection and adaptation of the organism to potential stressors
      - stress -> sympathetic nervous system -> catecholamine/adrenaline/noradrenaline
        
        increased heart rate
        
        incerased muscle strength
        
        increased blood pressure
        
        boosted mental activity
        
        higher energy consumption
      - recovery->parasympathetic nervous system
        
        lower heart rate
        
        lower energy consumption
        
        muscles relax
        
        etc.
    - - Disturance occurs in cases of prolonged or repeated exposure to stressors
        
        failure to shut-off = hyperactivity
        
        failure to respond adequately = hypo-activity
        
        leads to allostatic load = "wear and tear" on the head resulting from the imbalance => after hard work adrenaline levels can remain high in the blood, indicating incomplete recovery
  - - - active
        
        physical
        
        social
      - passive
        
        couch-potato
  - - - Work-related intrusions
      - Psychological detachment -> promotes recovery
- - - - increasing positive experiences = job controll, organisatoinal support, personal resources, non-work resources, self-esteem, health, social support
    - - reduction of negative experiences = jo demands, personal demands, discriminaiton, blah blah blah
  - - - Focus on employees who are at risk. Target groups/employees that are at risk of experiencing high stress, by eliminating risk factors or provide knowledge and skills about how to cope with the risk factors = coping-skills trianing, employee fitness programs
    - - proactive and prevention oriented, focusing on entire groups of employees whether at risk or not. usually applied through system approach = conflict management training, wellness programs
  - - - mindfulness
        
        state
        
        trait
        
        heightened awareness and attention of the present moment
        
        mindfulness facilitates adaptive repsonding to stressful events by allowing individuals to attend to the event in accepting, nonjudgmental manner
        
        outcomes= lowered heart rate, better sleep quality, lower percieved stress
        
        similar results are reported for yoga practices
    - - wishing yourself and others happiness and other nice stuff
      - increase in positive affect, self-efficacy, work satisfaction and less psychological distress
    - - 4 modules
        
        mastery
        
        control during off-work time
        
        psychologicla detachment from work
        
        relaxation
      - Multimodal Interventions (components like CBT, relaxation-based etc.)
        
        computer administration might make interventions more cost-effective
        
        Employees have to incorporate the techniques on the daily basis in order to have effect
        
        in-person training might be better for people with more dependent-learning style
    - - designed for employed parents = group based parenting skills training progrm, aiming to buold personal resources and coping behaviors, by reducing stress at work and at home
      - reduction in general stress and spill over to work life and in result reduce work-related stress
    - - usually green cape
      - but can be reactive =alcohol and drug abuse programs
      - Wellness programs = programs designed to increase emotional, intelectual, physical, social and spiritual wellness
        
        wellness = functioning at highest possible level of one's self
        
        cna focus on communication and awareness ; assertiveness training
        
        Can include screening and assessment programs ; blood pressure checks
        
        Education and lifestyle; financial planning, time management, relaxation techniques
        
        Behavior change and support; anger management, work-family support programs
    - - increase positive aspects of well-being e.g. engagement) as opposed to solely mitigating negative outcomes
      - Main focus is on increasing the PSYCAP (psychological cpaital)
        
        self-efficacy
        
        optimism
        
        hope
        
        resilience
- - - - Aim; Improve physical and psychological well-being through present-moment awareness
      - Content; Comprehensive group training in mindfulness using practices such as mediation, body scan, yoga and diaphragmatic breathing
      - Target: Chronic pain individuals
    - - Aim; Provide skills training to assisst in the prevention of depressive symptomes relapse
      - Content: Integration of CBT and mindfulness therapy delivered in a group format
      - Target: Individuals with a high risk for depressive relapse
    - - Aim; Increase psychological flexibility, conceptualized as present moment awareness and altering of behavior when necessary to align with one's values
      - Content; CBT + Mindfulness with focus on acceptance, cognitive diffusion, being present, self as context, values and commitment action
      - Target: n/a
  - - - the 2ndary mechanisms can be categorized into 4 groups
        
        physiology
        
        behavior
        
        cognition
        
        emotion
      - Outcomes:
        
        less automated cognitions
        
        easier behavioral and emotion regulation
        
        control over physiology
      - surface acting = mediator in negative relationship between mindfulness and emotional exhaustion (mindfulness--> surface acting ---> exhaustion)
      - deviation from established mindfulness protocols may fail to produce results
- - - - Hinderance stressors
      - Challenge stressors
- - - - Experienced quality of off-job activities (including quality of sleep)
      - Leisure activities
      - Job demands
      - Job control