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10.MICELLISATION (factors affect CMC & micellar size (structure of…

- - - - CMC cecrease
        
        micellar size increase
    - - non-micellar
        
        x ada CMC
  - - - likely to stay lama dlm aq.
        
        CMC higher
        
        need higher conc. surfactant to form micelles
  - - - increase miceller size
    - - Caesium higher atomic no., more orbital, size bigger
    - - larger micelles
        
        bcs weakly hydrated ion adsorbed readily in micellar surface
        
        decrease charge repulsion between polar grps
  - - - polar decrease
        
        x suka aq.
        
        decrease CMC (cpt form micelles)
        
        increase micellar size
  - - - due to separation of sol. to 2 phases
      - temp. higher than cloud pt.
        
        micellar size incease
        
        decrease CMC
      - reversible (if cooled, restore clarity)
      - x affect sangat utk ionic surfactant
- - - - increase conc. surfactant
        
        spherical-->rod-like-->hexagonal arrays: remain in equilibrium, aka middle/ hexagonal phase
        
        further increase
        
        2nd line crystalline state
        
        neat phase/ lamellar phase
    - - formed when ester/ cholesterol heated
        
        cloudy intermediate phase
  - - - from lecithin (phosphatidyl choline)
        
        multilamellar
        
        unilamellar
      - as drug carrier
        
        liposome trap water-soluble drug by intercalation
        
        lipid-soluble solubilised within hydrocarboon interior of lipid bilayer
      - 2 chainphospholipid
      - higher cholesterol than niosome (efficeiny stap lesser)
    - - uncharged, 1 chain surfactant & cholesterol
    - - have CPP (critical packing parameter)
        
        form lamellar phase
        
        form vesicle tht entrap drug (as carrier)
- - - - poorly soluble
        
        CMC
        
        higher (directly proportional)
    - - sikit naik
        
        CMC
        
        higher
    - - higher, high conc. surfactant
        
        CMC
        
        slower rate
    - - sikit turun
        
        CMC
        
        turun
        
        ionic surfactant, movement slower