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Potential of residential buildings as thermal energy storage in district…

- - - - less peak load demand
      - more base load
        
        better fuel economy
        
        less enviromental impact
  - - - quite common
    - - require investment
    - - used to compensate time delay
      - limited
      - efficiency losses due to higher T in distr.
      - material fatigue
    - - low cost
      - great potential
- - - - variation in DH w/ magnitude of 100 MW during a few hours [1]
        
        on/off boilers
- - - - variation in indoor T only main limiting factor
        
        here: desribed as fcn of limitations for control system expressed in deghrs
        
        can be translated into energy quantity for any building of DH
        
        when energy signature known
        
        independent of building size and location
  - - - feedback controller, [11] similar
    - - to seperate variations by test from normal variations
      - find clear relation between how building TES is controlled and variation of indoor T
        
        building degree hours vs. time constant w/ max. allowed variation of T
  - - - du = +-7°C
        
        NOP to CP/DP
        
        dQ=10W/m^2
- - - - not jeopardizing service by heating system
      - larger du might lead to
        
        residents feeling warm or cold radiators
        
        noise in radiators
        
        small increase in potential
        
        most heating systems shut off when Tout>15°C
  - - - rate of change in indoor T decreases w/ time