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Lee_Justin_Blk5_MM9 (Non-Mendelian genetics (Males hemizygosity for sex…
Lee_Justin_Blk5_MM9
Non-Mendelian genetics
Variation in the degree of dominance (i.e., codominance or incomplete dominance)
Complete dominance
A situation where the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele in the heterozygous state. If the red allele (R) is dominant over white (r), heterozygotes (Rr) will turn out red.
Incomplete dominance
A situation where both alleles are expressed, but unequally so that a blended phenotype is produced. The heterozygotes are pink, a blend of red and white.
Codominance
A situation where both alleles are equally expressed in the heterozygous state.
The heterozygotes have both red and white colors.
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Types of crosses
Monohybrid cross
A monohybrid cross is a mating experiment between two individuals to observe how their combination of alleles for a single gene will distribute to the F1 or F2 generation
Dihybrid cross
A dihybrid cross is a mating experiment between two individuals to observe how their combination of alleles for two genes will distribute to the F1 or F2 generation.
Test cross
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If any recessive offspring appear from the test cross, the dominant individual must be heterozygous, otherwise, it is assumed to be homozygous.
Probability rules
When more than 2 genes are involved in a cross probability rules are used to reliably predict the outcomes of these crosses.
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