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Nematodes in the Dog and Cat (Hookworms (Ancylostama caninum/ Uncinara…
Nematodes in the Dog and Cat
Hookworms (Ancylostama caninum/ Uncinara Stenocephala)
Pre-patent period
Changes depending on how it infects the individual
Mothers milk ( 10 -12 days)
From environment and through penetration of skin
Morphology
Worms
Unccinara (cutting plates)
Ancylostoma (fangs)
Eggs
Thinned walled
Oval shaped
Cells dividing in the egg
Pathology
Anaemia
Death rare due to blood-loss
Zoonotic
Located in small intestines
diagnosis
Black tarry stools
egg diagnosis in faeces
Whipworms (Trichuris Vulpis)
Pathology
Located in the caecum
Produces red bloody stools
Zoonosis rare
Clinical signs
Bloody diarrhoea
Weight loss
Dehydration
Contributes to anemia in co-infection with hookworm
Pre-patant Period
74 - 90 days
Eggs embryonate 9 - 21 days
Embryonated eggs last in the environment for years
Morphology
Eggs
Lemon shaped
Brown appearance
Capped at polar ends
Roundworms
Species
Toxocara Canis
Pre-patent
2- 4 weeks
Eggs embryonate in 2 - 4 weeks
Eggs not immediately infective
In pregnant worms will infect puppy in utero 10 days before parturition
Morphology
Egg
Thick outer wall
Oval shape
clear area at each end of the egg
Worm
Ventricle with large flaps
Life cycle
Pathology
Ill thrift
Pot-bellied
Pulmonary distress if larva migrate through lungs
Toxascaris Leonina
Non-migratory
Larvae remain in intestine
Pre patent period
74 days
Transmission
Tran-mammary infection
Morphology
worm
Ventricle with small flaps
Eggs
Smooth outer shell
large spaces at each end
oval - oblong
Toxocara Cati
Transmission
Infection of paratenic host (rat etc) then infection of principal host
intramammary infection
Somatic auto infection
Pre-patent period
21 days
Morphology
Egg same as T.Canis
Worm
No ventricle with large flaps
Strongyloides Stercoralis
Life cycle
enter environment as larva
can replicate in environment because of this
Can auto infect
Pathology
Pulmonary symptoms
Abdominal pain and distention
Diagnosis
larva in faeces
Heartworm (Dirofilaria Immitis)
Life cycle
Transmission
Mosquitos
takes 15 - 17 days to develop in mosquito
Vertical transmission
after 85 - 120 days worms can be found in canine heart
Filaroides Osleri
Life cycle
travel down lymph to heart and lungs where they travel to birfocation of bronchi and form nodule
Pre-patent period
10 weeks
Transmission
L1 direct transmission saliva or regurgitated food
