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Applied Ethics (Animal Issues (Evaluation (Aquinas was influenced by…

- - - - For: Aquinas said that humans can use animals as they like and the pain and suffering is fair. It is considered a legitimate use of animals and he has no concerns for their pain or suffering.
      - Against: The Catholic Church says that "men owe animals kindness". If you kill an animals, how can it fulfil the end by which it was created for by God.
  - - - Aquinas said in Summa Theologica that "Although man is of the same 'genus' as other animals, he is of a different 'species'." Aquinas agreed with Aristotle that animals are below humans (hierarchy of souls) . Animals have instrumental values and exist for humans sake.
        
        Many say that hierarchy of the souls is prescientific nonsense.
        
        This is supported in Genesis; 'subdue it' (the earth)
        
        However, the Bible says “A righteous man has regard for the life of his beast.” and “Thou shalt not kill".
      - In Summa Theologica, Aquinas uses the example of killing another persons ox is bad, no because it is murder but it is theft :ox:.
  - - - Evalutaion: The nature of the process might concern Aquinas. It is wrong since all creatures where made by God to fulfil a purpose. Catholic Church's conclusion could have been influenced by. It is acceptable for cures provided that it is pain free.
- - - - Against: Violates the primary precepts of Worshipping God since he is the creator of all life and therapeutic cloning destroys embryos so is considered murder, ordered society because 'scientific' reproduction could lead to the breakdown of the marriage relationship and reproduce since this is not reproducing naturally and sperm collection involves masturbation (which is a waste of potential life). Goes against double effect since it is a bad act to gain a good result.
      - For: Can have many benefits.
      - Evaluation: Do the benefits outweigh Aquinas' concern for the treatment of the embryos. Who says that Aquinas' views on sex and procreation are right?
  - - - Against: Goes against the primary precepts of worshipping God since he is the creator of all life and destroying embryos is seen as murder, it usurps God's role as a creator and designer babies will not be in God's image (imago Dei/ Genesis 1:26-27).Goes against ordered society since it leads to distopia.
      - For: Proportional can be applied if it is for the greater good (checks for diseases like cystic Fibrosis and Down's Syndrome, can be used to treat a sick sibling).
      - Evaluation: Do the benefits outweigh Aquinas' concern for the treatment of the embryos. Who says that Aquinas' views on sex and procreation are right?
  - - - Against: Goes against primary precept of defending innocent life. Aquinas wrote in Summa Theologica that life with a rational soul is present at 60-80 days after conception, and anyone who cuases is death commits homicide. Aquinas does not justify abortion before the soul arrives either.
      - For: Could go against the primary precept of ordered societies, since there would be children with only one parents or no loving parents. proportionalism and double effect could apply if the women has had this child as a result of rape, she is not ready, the child will not be brought up in a loving environment or it puts the women's health in danger.
      - Evaluation: There is no agreed time on when a person becomes a person.
  - - - For: A proportionalist would say that it is the most loving thing to do if the person was suffering and they wanted it. it could also be easier on the family.
      - Against: Violate primary precepts of living in an ordered society and worshipping God since it is seen as murder.
      - Evaluation: If humans have aright to life, shouldn't they have a right to die? It is bad to let people suffer.
  - - - For: Aquinas said in Summa Theologica that because it is lawful to kill a wild beast, especially if it is harmful, it is lawful to kill a person who harms their community. Aquinas believes it must be done by the state to avoid revenge or getting out of hand. Supports primary precepts of ordered society and defence of the innocent. Some believe it is also okay in taliation as it says in Genesis 9:6 "Whoever sheds the blood of man, by man shall his blood be shed" and the Catholic Church defends the death penalty, if it is the only way of justly defending the innocent in extreme cases.
      - Evaluation: Should be perform against someone who tries to harm society. The Bible permits it so shouldn't NML?
      - Against: Individuals can not perform since it can get out of hand due to revenge.