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Protestant Reformation (Origins (Erasmus (believed religious should focus…
Protestant Reformation
Spread of Reformation
Rise of Lutheranism
almost 300 nobles joined Luther in the reformation
agreed for political reasons
Lutheran alternatives to the Catholic Mass were created
Response to Luther and Reformation
Break with Catholic Church
Church officials ignored Luther's accusations
Luther and German princes overthrew the papacy
Luther excommunicated from Catholic Church
Charles V could not change Luther's beliefs
Origins
Erasmus
wrote The Praise of Folly
believed people should live good lives on a daily basis
believed religious should focus on inwardness of feelings
unlike pilgrimages, fasting, and relics
Martin Luther
started the Reformation
German monk
believed salvation is by faith alone
Christian Humanism
developed in northern Europe
combines ideas of humanism with reformation of Church
individualism
classical learning
Reasons Luther Broke Away from Catholic Church
Need for Reform
Catholics believed salvation comes from faith and good works
Luther believed salvation is by faith alone
"Good works" such as indulgences and pilgrimages were seen as buying one's way into heaven
Church was too political
Church officials used positions to become more powerful
Church officials did not focus on their spiritual duties
95 Theses
posted on church door
Complained against Church's use of indulgences
too many sacraments
Impact on Politics
Peace of Augsburg
ends religious warfare
German nobles can choose to follow Catholicism or Lutheranism
Subjects must follow choice of nobles
division of Christianity is acknowledged
Charles V
Holy Roman Emperor
Controlled most of Europe
threatened by French and Muslims
Threatened by reformation because religion had his large amount of land together