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Y10 Chemistry TB1 (1.3) Periodic Table of Elements (Special name of some…
Y10 Chemistry TB1 (1.3) Periodic Table of Elements
hydrogen does not belong to any group, it is located at period 1
Metalloid are located near the zig-zag line
Group: vertical column
Number: the number of outermost shell electrons
Period: horizontal column
Number: number of occupied electron shells
Electronic Arrangement
First shell, second shell, third shell = 18 electrons
Special name of some Groups
I: Alkali Metals
II: Alkali Earth Metals
VII: Halogens
0: Noble Gases
Reactivity
Group I
Increases
Soft metals
Silvery white solids
Low density
Float on water surface
Stored under paraffin oil
Similar chemical properties
All of them can react with water
Give out hydrogen gas
Form alkaline solution
Group II
Increases
Soft metals
Silvery white solids
React with acid -> give out hydrogen and heat
Group VII
Decreases
Show a gradual change in physical state down the group
Changes from gas to liquid and then to solid
Similarities
Poisonous / toxic
Reactive non-metals
React with sodium to form salt
Group 0
Very stable
Colourless and odourless gases
No reaction
Experiments (Flame Test)
K and Na: Flammable and corrosive
added into water: gives colour flame
Observations
moves quickly on water surface
Burns lilac/golden yellow flame
Makes a 'pop' sound
Phenolphthalein into the water
Water will turn pink
Experiments
Mg Ribbon
burns with bright white flame
NaCl/KCl/CaCl2/CuSO
Clean a Pt wire with concentrated HCl
Dip the Pt wire in the (...) sample to carry some of the solid sample
Put the Pt wire in a non-luminous Bunsen flame
Record the colour of the flame
Results
Sodium (NaCl): Golden Yellow flame
Potassium (KCl): Lilac flame
Calcium (CaCl2): Brick Red flame
Copper (CuSO): bluish green flame